Questions and Answers
What does general intelligence (g) refer to?
What is factor analysis?
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.
What is Savant Syndrome?
A condition where a person has an exceptional specific skill despite limited mental ability.
What does grit mean in psychology?
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Define emotional intelligence.
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What is intelligence?
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What is the purpose of an intelligence test?
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What is mental age?
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What is the Stanford-Binet test?
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How is the intelligence quotient (IQ) defined?
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What is an achievement test?
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What does an aptitude test predict?
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What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
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Define standardization in the context of testing.
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What is the normal curve?
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What does reliability mean in testing?
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What is validity in the context of testing?
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Define content validity.
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What is predictive validity?
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What is a cohort?
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Define crystallized intelligence.
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What is fluid intelligence?
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What constitutes an intellectual disability?
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What is Down Syndrome?
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Define heritability.
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What is stereotype threat?
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What is the Flynn Effect?
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What is face validity?
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What is construct validity?
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What is criterion validity?
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Who is Alfred Binet?
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Who is Louis Terman?
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Who is Charles Spearman?
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Who is Howard Gardner?
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Who is David Wechsler?
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Who is Raymond Cattell?
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Who is Robert Sternberg?
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Who is L.L. Thurstone?
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Who is Francis Galton?
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Who is Carol Dweck?
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What is analytical intelligence?
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What is creative intelligence?
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What is practical intelligence?
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Define linguistic intelligence.
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What constitutes musical intelligence?
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Define logical-mathematical intelligence.
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What is spatial intelligence?
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What is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence?
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What is interpersonal intelligence?
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What is intrapersonal intelligence?
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Define naturalist intelligence.
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Study Notes
General Intelligence and Theories
- General intelligence (g) reflects overall cognitive ability, underlying specific mental skills measured in intelligence tests.
- Factor analysis identifies related test items, revealing different performance dimensions contributing to total scores.
- Savant Syndrome showcases exceptional abilities in a specific skill despite overall cognitive limitations.
- Grit involves passion and perseverance toward long-term goals, emphasizing sustained effort.
Emotional and Practical Aspects of Intelligence
- Emotional Intelligence encompasses perceiving, understanding, managing, and utilizing emotions effectively.
- Intelligence is defined as the capacity to learn from experience, problem-solve, and adapt knowledge to new situations.
- Intelligence tests evaluate cognitive abilities, providing numerical scores for comparisons with others.
- Achievement tests assess knowledge acquired, while aptitude tests predict future performance based on inherent capacity to learn.
Key Intelligence Tests and Concepts
- The Stanford-Binet test, revised by Terman, remains a widely used intelligence assessment tool.
- The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is calculated as the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100.
- The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is the most popular intelligence test, including both verbal and performance components.
- Standardization establishes uniform procedures and meaningful scores by comparing with a pretested group's performance.
Measurement and Distribution of Intelligence
- The Normal Curve describes the distribution of scores in a bell-shaped pattern, with most scores clustering near the average.
- Reliability measures the consistency of test results across various conditions.
- Validity assesses whether a test accurately measures what it purports to measure, with specific forms like content validity and predictive validity.
Key Figures in Intelligence Testing
- Alfred Binet initiated modern intelligence testing, while Louis Terman expanded and normed his IQ test for American youth.
- Charles Spearman proposed the concept of a general intelligence factor alongside specific abilities.
- Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences recognizes diverse cognitive strengths beyond traditional IQ.
Intelligence Types and Categories
- Crystallized intelligence is the accumulated knowledge that generally increases with age, while fluid intelligence pertains to rapid reasoning and problem-solving, declining in later adulthood.
- Intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ of 70 or below and challenges in adapting to life demands.
- Down Syndrome results from an additional chromosome 21, leading to varying degrees of intellectual disability.
Influences and Effects on Intelligence
- Heritability refers to the genetic contribution to variation in intelligence and can fluctuate based on population and environmental factors.
- Stereotype threat concerns the anxiety of confirming negative stereotypes about a group, affecting individual performance.
- The Flynn Effect documents a significant rise in intelligence test scores over the past century, across populations.
Validity Types in Assessments
- Face validity checks if a test appears to measure what it claims at first glance.
- Construct validity ensures the test accurately assesses defined characteristics.
- Criterion validity assesses correlations between test results and other similar measures.
Additional Intellectual Perspectives
- David Wechsler developed both WAIS and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).
- Raymond Cattell identified fluid and crystallized intelligence through the 16 Trait Personality Inventory.
- Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory divides intelligence into analytical, creative, and practical components.
- L.L. Thurstone highlighted seven primary intellectual abilities, including verbal fluency and reasoning skills.
Various Intelligence Types
- Analytic intelligence involves logical reasoning and problem-solving skills.
- Creative intelligence enables novel thinking and innovative problem-solving.
- Practical intelligence relates to everyday problem-solving and social skills.
- Various specialized intelligences include linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence, each detailing unique capabilities and understandings.
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Description
This quiz explores the various theories of general intelligence, including the concept of 'g', emotional intelligence, and the role of grit in achieving long-term goals. Additionally, it delves into different types of intelligence tests, such as achievement and aptitude tests, and their significance in assessing cognitive abilities. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of intelligence!