General Exam Instructions

'A biological community in its environment' such as a pond, an ocean, a forest, even an aquarium is known as-

Consider the following:

1. Water molds
2. Mushrooms
3. Diatoms How many of the above are primarily classified as saprotrophs?

It was first advocated by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in the 1970s. It considers humans no more significant than other species. In simple terms, all life, whether humans or plants or animals, have equal importance on our planet earth. Which one of the following environmental philosophies is being described in the above passage?

Consider the following statements about ecotone:

1. They generally have lower levels of biodiversity compared to adjoining ecosystems.
2. Due to the edge effect, it cannot serve as the ground for the evolution of new species.
3. Wetlands and Mangrove forests are examples of ecotones. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, an election petition challenging the election of a Member of Parliament or State Legislature can be filed before:

Consider the following statements about the Tundra Biome:

1. Generally they are characterized by absence of trees.
2. Reptiles are the most dominant fauna in this biome.
3. To avoid excessive heat loss, animals in the tundra region generally have a high body surface area to volume ratio. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of food chain in an ecosystem, consider the following statements:

1. In a terrestrial ecosystem, the green plants capture about 10% of the energy that falls on their leaves and convert it into food energy.
2. There is always greater number of individuals at the lower trophic level of an ecosystem.
3. 10% is the average value for the amount of organic matter that is present at each step and reaches the next level of consumers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which type of biotic interaction is exhibited by trees and epiphytic plants?

Consider the following:

1. Coccolithophores
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Pteropods How many of the above are primary producers in the food chain of an ecosystem?

With reference to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy, which one of the following statements is incorrect?

In the grasslands, trees do NOT replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of:

Consider the following features:

1. Highly soluble in water
2. Biologically inactive
3. Long biological half-life How many of the above features possessed by a toxic material will increase the rate of biomagnification from one trophic level to another?

Consider the following:

1. Respiration by fishes
2. Photosynthesis
3. Decay of dead animals
4. Lightning during thunderstorms
5. Running of Hydrogen fuel cell based vehicles How many of the above activities/processes primarily add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The productivity of boreal forests is lower than the productivity of Tropical rainforests. Statement-II: Boreal forests have podzolic soils which are poor in nutrients and acidic in nature. Statement-III: Boreal forests have higher community stability in comparison to Tropical rainforests. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

In the context of Indian economy, which of the following statements is correct regarding Sovereign Green Bonds?

With reference to the cycling of Phosphorous, consider the following statements:

1. It is a sedimentary biogeochemical cycle.
2. It is a relatively faster cycle compared to the cycling of Nitrogen or carbon.
3. Human activities such as the mining of phosphate rocks can alter this cycle. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following features:

1. It is the largest natural grassland in the Indian subcontinent.
2. The Maldhari community are the primary inhabitants of this Grassland.
3. A huge freshwater lake locally known as Chhari-Dhand is a prominent feature of this grassland. Identify the grassland/pastureland in India based on the features given above?

In the context of ecology, nektons are-

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Biological Oxygen Demand in Oligotrophic Lake is higher compared to Eutrophic Lake. Statement II: Oligotrophic lakes generally have a lower biological productivity than Eutrophic lake. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the "Keeling Curve"?

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following major categories of ecosystem services-provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural services. In this context consider the following services:

1. Climate regulation
2. Food production
3. Water purification
4. Raw materials like timber
5. Recreational use How many of the above are provisioning services of the ecosystem?

With reference to the ecology, which among the following statements best describes the term 'Standing State'?

Which one of the following statements regarding water cycle is correct?

With respect to hibernation, consider the following statements:

1. It is a state of reduced metabolic activity that allows animals to conserve energy during periods of harsh environmental conditions.
2. All mammals hibernate to survive cold winters.
3. A significant drop in body temperature can be seen in the animals during hibernation Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements: Eutrophication of lakes may lead to:

1. increased production of hydrogen sulfide in the lake.
2. decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in the lake.
3. loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.
4. release of methane and other greenhouse gases from the lake bed. Which of the statements given above are correct?

In the context of Ecology and Environment, which of the following best describes the Calvin Cycle?

In the context of Lok Sabha and State Legislative assembly elections in India, Form 17C often seen in the news, is associated with:

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?

Which one of the following correctly describes the "Wallace Line"?

Which one of the following correctly describes the term "Extinction Filtering"?

Consider the following countries:

1. Malaysia
2. Papua New Guinea
3. Philippines
4. Timor-Leste
5. Australia How many of the above countries are part of the Coral Triangle?

The recently discovered archaeological site at Padta Bet belongs to which of the following period of ancient Indian history?

Consider the following kinds of organisms:

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Flowering plants Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides?

In the context of ecology the term community refers to:

Consider the following statements about Ecological Pyramids:

1. The pyramid of energy is always upright in all ecosystems
2. Saprophytes are generally placed in the first tropic level in an ecological pyramid.
3. Ecological pyramids portray a linear flow of energy or biomass in an ecosystem. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following biotic interactions observed in nature:

1. Black walnut trees and plants that grow near it
2. Sea anemones and hermit crabs
3. Suckerfish and shark How many of the examples given above illustrate Amensalism?

With reference to the Network as a Service (NaaS), consider the following statements: Statement I: It has the potential to replace other networking systems such as virtual private networks (VPNs) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). Statement II: It allows customers to operate their networks without owning any networking infrastructure. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the statements given above?

If 25⊕19⊕6=5, 33⊕14⊕8=20, 42⊕7⊕13=8, 21+32+6=28, then what is value of the the expression 50⊕12⊕9?

If # means “add 5 to the product of the two numbers", $ means “subtract the second number from the square of the first number" and @ means "multiply the sum of the two numbers by 3". What is the value of (4 # 3) $ (2 @ 5)?

Select the correct alternative that completes the series below from the given choices. US, VT, WU, (?), YW

If two days before yesterday was Monday, then what day of the week will be the fourth day from the day after tomorrow? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statement?

Directions for the following 1 (one) item: Read the following passage and answer the item that follow the passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only. Passage I The term public service is old-fashioned, but still useful. A public service is an activity whose purpose is to meet the needs of its customers, but in which these needs cannot appropriately be met by the ordinary process of profit-making firms operating in a competitive market. Perhaps because competition is impossible, as in electricity transmission and distribution. Perhaps because the service is intrinsically uneconomic, as with the railways. Perhaps because there is a strong social interest in the nature and quality of the output, as in education or water supply. Or perhaps because crude commercial motivations are incompatible with the ethos that customers expect from the service, as in health. Q.50) Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage?