General English and Biology Exam Notes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase?

  • To stabilize the cell membrane structure
  • To cut DNA strands during replication
  • To hydrolyze phosphate groups from molecules (correct)
  • To facilitate the absorption of fats from the intestine

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the curdling of milk?

  • Amylase
  • Rennet (correct)
  • Lactase
  • Lipase

Which organism is most commonly used in alcohol fermentation?

  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Escherichia coli
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae (correct)
  • Lactobacillus lactis

What does hyperbilirubinaemia indicate?

<p>High levels of bilirubin in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are surfactants known for in biological systems?

<p>Facilitating fat solubilization during digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical significance of cardiac troponin?

<p>Marker for myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is used in the tanning industry?

<p>Laccase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor?

<p>To help in decarboxylation reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Glycogenin in glycogen synthesis?

<p>It acts as a primer for the synthesis of glycogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pentose phosphate pathway is true?

<p>It produces ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of oxidative deamination in amino acid metabolism?

<p>It converts amino acids into ammonia and keto acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spliceosome machinery in pre-mRNA processing?

<p>To ensure proper separation of exons and introns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an amphiholic pathway?

<p>It involves both anabolic and catabolic processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glycogenolysis differ from glycolysis?

<p>Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of the genetic code in relation to mutations?

<p>The genetic code is redundant and minimizes the impact of mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Lac operon function as an example of induction in gene regulation?

<p>It requires an inducer to activate transcription in the presence of lactose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal regulation is associated with glycogen phosphorylase?

<p>Epinephrine activates glycogen phosphorylase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does DNA topoisomerase play during DNA replication?

<p>It introduces or removes twists in the DNA strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a correct statement about the degradation of purine nucleotides?

<p>It generates uric acid as a waste product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between anabolism and catabolism?

<p>Anabolism consumes energy; catabolism releases energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Tm in molecular biology?

<p>It indicates the temperature at which DNA denatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 5' UTR in mRNA?

<p>To promote translation initiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Wobble Hypothesis explain in terms of genetic coding?

<p>The ability of tRNA to pair with multiple codons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using heavy nitrogen in the study of DNA replication by Meselson and Stahl?

<p>To trace the segregation of DNA strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential theme suggested by the title 'The Lady or the Tiger?'

<p>The struggle between fate and free will (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of request is suggested to be written to the Dean of Admissions?

<p>An application for student exchange programme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the princess in the story referenced?

<p>Her deep love for the protagonist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics is suitable for the essay?

<p>The Ethical Implications of AI in Education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the astrologer generally face at the beginning of his workday?

<p>Personal doubts about his skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central conflict in the story 'The Gift'?

<p>The choice between love and duty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, what is the purpose of the letter addressed to the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation?

<p>To advocate for green spaces in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the topics students can choose for their essay?

<p>Mental Health Stigma in Society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of cell surface glycoproteins?

<p>Cell signaling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are animals that excrete uric acid as a metabolic end product of protein metabolism called?

<p>Uricotelic animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of one membrane skeletal protein?

<p>Maintaining cell shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inborn error of amino acid metabolism is characterized by the defective enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?

<p>Phenylketonuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism inhibits the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenine monophosphate?

<p>Mycophenolic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical symptom of adenosine deaminase deficiency?

<p>Severe combined immunodeficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the catabolic end product of porphyrin degradation?

<p>Bilirubin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder arises due to defective porphyrin metabolism?

<p>Porphyria cutanea tarda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme that is involved in primer synthesis during DNA replication?

<p>It synthesizes RNA primers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of mono and polycistronic genes?

<p>Mono-cistronic genes code for single proteins, while polycistronic genes code for multiple proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is being described by the term 'positive cooperativity'?

<p>Increased binding affinity of a protein as more ligands bind to it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a stop codon?

<p>It is essential for the termination of translation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a bi-bi reaction using Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

<p>Two substrates bind to an enzyme and are converted to two products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme's function in preventing the stalling of the replication fork?

<p>Topoisomerase alleviates supercoiling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hypochromic shift refer to in molecular biology?

<p>Decrease in UV absorbance indicating denaturation of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is used for the replication of mitochondrial DNA?

<p>Bidirectional replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Story elements

Key components of a story, such as plot, characters, setting, theme.

Ethical Implications of AI in Education

The moral and societal effects of using AI in teaching and learning.

Letter to the Ahmedabad Municipal Corp

A formal communication about an issue in Ahmedabad, like unnecessary tree removal.

Mental Health Stigma

Negative attitudes and beliefs about mental illness that cause distress or discrimination.

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Essay on a specific topic

A detailed and well-structured written piece discussing a particular subject.

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Letter to the Dean of Admissions

A formal application/request to a university admission officer.

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Unnecessary tree removal

Cutting down trees without valid justification or planning.

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Story Analysis

Examining a story to understand the characters, plot, and themes.

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Biomimicry in translation termination

The process of translation ending in a cell has a link to biological mimicry.

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Lac repressor function

A protein that controls the expression on lactose operons.

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Rosalind Franklin's contribution

Key role in determining DNA structure using X-ray diffraction.

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Chromatic shift in DNA

Change in DNA's absorption of light at different wavelengths.

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Supercoiling of DNA

A process that compresses DNA, affecting its accessibility for processes like replication.

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Lagging strand replication

DNA replication on the lagging strand occurs in fragments.

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5' capping of RNA

Protecting RNA from cellular degradation and aiding its translation.

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Mono/polycistronic genes

Mono-genes encode one protein whereas poly-genes encode more than one protein.

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Microbial fermentation of Carrageenan

Using microorganisms to produce Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed.

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Microbial fermentation of Lipase

Microbes help in producing lipase, a crucial enzyme for fat breakdown.

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Alkaline Phosphatase function

Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the removal of phosphate groups from molecules.

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Cardiac troponin clinical significance

Cardiac troponin levels indicate heart damage, often used for diagnosing heart attacks.

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Enzyme for milk curdling

Renin (or similar enzyme) causes milk proteins to coagulate, forming curds.

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Enzyme used in tanning

Specific enzymes like proteases are used in processing animal hides for leather production.

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Denaturation of protein

Loss of protein's 3-D structure, usually through heat, pH changes or chemicals.

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Common HIV genotypes

Different genetic variants of the HIV virus, impacting treatment responses.

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Okazaki fragments

Short DNA segments formed during lagging strand replication.

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Base Excision Repair (BER)

A DNA repair pathway that fixes damaged bases.

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Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

A DNA repair pathway that removes bulky DNA lesions.

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RNA polymerase structure-function

RNA polymerase's structure relates to its role in transcribing DNA into RNA.

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Spliceosome function

Spliceosomes remove introns from pre-mRNA during RNA processing.

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Transcription termination (prokaryotes)

Specific sequences signal the end of transcription in prokaryotes.

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Genetic Code features

Codons, redundancy, start/stop signals to determine amino acids.

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Elongation factors in peptide bond formation

Elongation factors facilitate the formation of peptide bonds.

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Cell surface Glycoproteins function

Cell surface glycoproteins play a role in cell recognition, adhesion, and signaling.

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Uric acid excretors

Animals that excrete uric acid as a waste product of protein metabolism.

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Membrane skeletal protein role

Membrane skeletal proteins maintain cell shape and support.

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Inborn error of amino acid metabolism

A genetic disorder where a metabolic pathway for producing or breaking down amino acids is faulty.

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Nucleotide metabolism inhibitor

A substance that slows down or stops the production or use of nucleotides.

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Adenosine Deaminase deficiency symptom

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), an immune system weakness.

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Porphyrin degradation end product

Bilirubin, a breakdown product of heme in hemoglobin.

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Defective Porphyrin metabolism disorder

Porphyrias, a group of genetic disorders.

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Glycolysis

A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

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Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

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Oxidative Deamination

Removal of an amino group from an amino acid, producing ammonia.

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Amphibolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways that can function in both catabolism and anabolism.

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Anabolism

Metabolic processes that construct complex molecules from simpler ones.

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Catabolism

Metabolic processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

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High-energy compounds

Molecules that store and release energy in biological systems.

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Study Notes

General English Exam Notes

  • Gift of the Magi: The twist at the end involved a sacrifice of each person's most prized possession.
  • Black Boy: Main character, a child during the early 1900s, faced societal discrimination and poverty.
  • The Lady or the Tiger?: The title is a rhetorical question, highlighting the central dilemma.
  • Complaint Letter: Students need to write a letter to the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation about unnecessary tree cutting.
  • Essay Topics: Two options are included concerning AI in education and mental health stigma. Essays must be approximately 700 words.
  • Reading Comprehension: Students must fill in blanks based on a passage and select correct options.
  • Special Occasion: Della and Jim want to buy gifts for a Valentine's Day celebration.

Biology Exam Notes

  • Molecular Biology: Covering DNA structure, function, replication, and other related concepts.
  • Strategies for Proving DNA as Transforming Principle: This section details the strategies used by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty.
  • DNA Structure and Function: Discusses topics like endopucker structures, DNA conformation, twisting and base flipping.
  • DNA Replication: Explains how DNA polymerases, DNA A, B, C, and Tus proteins, and other enzymes ensure accurate replication.
  • DNA Repair: Focuses on how Mut S, Mut L, and Mut H proteins repair mismatches before replication.
  • RNA Polymerase and Transcription: Discusses transcription initiation, elongation, and termination by RNA polymerase.
  • Genetic Code and Translation: Details how the genetic code uses codons for amino acid synthesis.
  • RNA Processing: Describes how spliceosomes process RNA before translation.
  • tRNA: Emphasizes the role of tRNA as an adaptor molecule in protein synthesis.
  • Regulation of Gene Expression: Discusses how genes are regulated.
  • Biochemical Concepts: General coverage of biochemical principles.
  • Exam Questions: Varied questions, examining knowledge on DNA, RNA, proteins, and the processes involving them.

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St. Xavier's College Past Paper General English PDF 2023

Description

This quiz covers essential topics in both General English and Biology. English sections include literary analysis of stories and essay writing, while Biology focuses on molecular biology and DNA concepts. Prepare to showcase your understanding and critical thinking skills across these subjects.

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