General Computer Concepts Quiz

A file system organizes, retrieves, and manages data on storage devices. It manages file and directory hierarchies, data access, naming conventions, and security permissions. It also ensures data integrity during power failures or hardware issues.

NTFS is used by Windows and supports features like permissions, compression, and fault tolerance. FAT32 is compatible with most devices but lacks advanced features. exFAT supports large files and is commonly used on USB drives. APFS is optimized for macOS and SSDs.

Disk partitioning divides a hard drive into independent sections, allowing for better data organization and the ability to run multiple operating systems.

Disk formatting configures a disk to create a file system, enabling the operating system to organize and write data. Formatting deletes all data on the disk.

The Master Boot Record (MBR) is used by BIOS systems. It supports up to 4 primary partitions and disks up to 2 TB. The GUID Partition Table (GPT) is used by UEFI systems. It allows for more partitions and supports disks larger than 2 TB. GPT is essential for modern operating systems like Windows 11.

A recovery partition is a hidden partition used to restore a system to factory settings. Windows Recovery focuses on OS-specific restoration tools, while Manufacturer Recovery provides factory settings.

The main circuit board in a computer that connects the CPU, RAM, and peripherals, acting as the "infrastructure" for communication and power distribution.

The component responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, acting as the "brain" of the computer.

A unit within the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data, like adding, subtracting, comparing, and more.

A unit within the CPU that directs the execution of program instructions, controlling the flow of data and operations.

Temporary storage locations within the CPU that hold data during processing for quick access by the ALU and Control Unit.

Converts alternating current (AC) from wall sockets into direct current (DC) at various voltages (3.3V, 5V, 12V) required by internal components.

A system that prevents overheating of components like the CPU, RAM, and graphics cards, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.

A passive cooling system relies on metal fins to distribute heat. It's silent but less efficient than active or liquid cooling.

Organizes and manages storage devices like hard drives and SSDs. Ensures efficient file storage and retrieval.

Tracks and controls all connected hardware devices, using drivers to communicate with them.

Implements security rules to protect the system. Examples include passwords, encryption, and access controls.

Manages communication between devices on a network, enabling data exchange and connectivity.

Manages the execution of programs, including creation, scheduling, and termination. Ensures the CPU works efficiently for multiple tasks.

Allocates and deallocates memory for running programs, preventing conflicts and ensuring efficient memory usage.

A visual interface that displays information and provides user interaction through icons, windows, menus, and scrollbars. Common in modern operating systems.

A text-based interface where commands are typed to interact with the computer. Example: Linux/Unix.

A type of cloud computing where resources like servers, storage, and networks are provided by a third-party provider (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud). Users access and manage these resources over the internet.

A combination of a private cloud, which is managed within an organization's own infrastructure, and a public cloud, allowing for flexibility and cost optimization.

A cloud computing service model that provides users with access to virtual servers and networks. Think of renting the physical infrastructure of a data center.

A cloud computing service model that offers pre-configured platforms for specific use cases, such as web development or mobile app development. You only need to focus on your application.

A cloud computing service model that delivers software applications over the internet, allowing access from any device with an internet connection. No installation needed.

Networks enable computers to share data and resources, leveraging their collective capabilities.

A network card (NIC) converts data into signals for transmission over cables. It acts as the bridge between your device and the network.

Network speed is measured in bits per second (bps). Wired connections offer faster speeds than wireless connections.

A hub broadcasts data to all connected devices, while a switch only transmits data to the intended recipient. Switches offer better security and efficiency.

A router connects multiple networks, including your local network to the internet. It handles traffic routing based on IP addresses.

An IP address is a unique identifier for a network device, like a home address for your computer. It consists of four numbers between 0 and 255.

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable website addresses into IP addresses. This makes it easier for us to remember websites.

A virtual private network (VPN) encrypts your internet traffic, providing privacy and security. It's like creating a secure tunnel over a public network.

Updates are smaller software releases that fix bugs, improve performance, or address security vulnerabilities. They are usually released regularly, like Microsoft's Patch Tuesday, or by device manufacturers for phones like Samsung.

Upgrades are major version releases of an operating system that introduce significant new features, a redesigned interface, or significant performance improvements.

Different editions of an operating system are tailored to specific needs and budgets, ranging from basic to more powerful versions. While they share a common foundation, their features and capabilities vary.

Server operating systems are designed for use in client-server environments, prioritizing security, stability, and managing multiple users to support mission-critical applications.

Unix is a foundational command-line-based operating system that has influenced many modern systems, including macOS and Android. It is known for its stability and reliability, especially in server environments.

Linux is a free, open-source operating system based on Unix, known for its flexibility, stability, and strong security features. It's often used in servers and by IT professionals due to its customization options and extensive community support.

Android and iOS are two major mobile operating systems known for their user-friendly interfaces and vast app ecosystems. Android is known for its flexibility, while iOS is known for its polished user experience.

Linux, a powerful and versatile operating system, is known for its secure handling of files and permission management, offering more granular control than Windows.