General Chemistry CHE 101 Quiz Part I
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Questions and Answers

Which area of study primarily focuses on the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter?

  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Geology
  • Chemistry (correct)

    • Which topic is covered in the first part of the General Chemistry (CHE 101) course?

  • Nuclear Reactions
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemistry: The Study of Change (correct)

    • Within the context of Part I of the General Chemistry (CHE 101) course, what subject matter directly follows the study of atoms, molecules, and ions?

  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Electrochemistry
  • Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms (correct)
  • Thermodynamics

    • Which of the following topics is explored in the second part of the General Chemistry (CHE 101) course, according to the provided content?

    <p>Periodic Relationships Among the Elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the sequence of topics in Part I of General Chemistry (CHE 101), which subject matter is studied immediately before the periodic relationships among the elements?

    <p>Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in the number of steps between the freezing and boiling points of water on the Fahrenheit scale?

    <p>180 steps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, what is the equivalent temperature in Fahrenheit?

    <p>77 degrees Fahrenheit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature are the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales equal?

    <p>-40 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of $0^{\circ} F$ in Celsius?

    <p>-17.78°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute zero in degrees Fahrenheit?

    <p>-459°F (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin?

    <p>373 K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convert $100^{\circ}F$ to Celsius.

    <p>37.78°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment is made in the Celsius/Fahrenheit conversion to account for the difference in degree size?

    <p>Multiplying by 1.8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 16oC?

    <p>60.8 oF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the conversion results in 60.8oF, what was the intermediate calculation of 1.8 x 16?

    <p>28.8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which incorrect step would lead to a wrong temperature conversion result?

    <p>Forgetting to add 32 after multiplying by 1.8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the unit conversion process critical in a lab or clinical setting?

    <p>It allows for accurate dosing based on patient weight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an implication of forgetting to include parentheses in the conversion formula?

    <p>The calculation may become dramatically incorrect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using the provided calculations, what is the conversion factor between hectares (ha) and acres?

    <p>1.00 ha = 2.47 acres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI prefix for 10-6?

    <p>micro- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A plot of land measures 500 meters by 300 meters. Using the conversion factors provided, what is the approximate area of this land in acres?

    <p>37.05 acres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conversion factor is used to convert grams to micrograms?

    <p>1 g = 10^6 µg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent stand density of Pinus ponderosa in trees per hectare, if a healthy stand has 250 trees per acre?

    <p>617.5 trees per hectare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a forest contains 1000 Pinus ponderosa trees on 2 hectares, what is the stand density in trees per acre?

    <p>200 trees per acre (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1 mg equals 10-3 g, how many grams are equivalent to 1 microgram?

    <p>10-6 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metric unit for one billion grams?

    <p>giga- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A certain area is known to be 5 acres. Using the provided conversion factors, what is the area in square meters, rounded to the nearest whole value?

    <p>20235 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppose you have a rectangular plot that measures 417.42 ft by 417.42 ft. According to the listed 'ignore the 1's' calculation, what is the closest approximation of the area in acres?

    <p>2 acres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting from grams to milligrams, which factor is applied?

    <p>Multiply by 1,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the metric system, what does the prefix 'pico-' stand for?

    <p>10-12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a square plot of land has sides of 200 meters, what is the area of the land in hectares?

    <p>4 hectares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 1 Gg in grams?

    <p>10^9 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a different stand of Pinus Ponderosa has 700 trees per hectare, this stand would have approximately how many trees per acre?

    <p>283 trees per acre (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial density of trees per acre for Pinus ponderosa?

    <p>250 trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many acres are equivalent to one hectare?

    <p>2.47 acres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What calculation is used to find the equivalent stand density in trees per hectare?

    <p>250 x 2.47 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 250 trees are planted per acre, how many trees would be planted per hectare after conversion?

    <p>617.5 trees (B), 620 trees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to ensure units cancel out correctly in the calculation for trees per hectare?

    <p>250 trees x 2.47 acres / 1 acre (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of operations for converting trees per acre to trees per hectare?

    <p>Multiply by 2.47, then divide by 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final approximate tree density per hectare when 250 trees are converted?

    <p>620 trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the calculation, which term should be multiplied to ensure correct results?

    <p>Conversion factor for hectares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Chemistry

    The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

    Atoms

    The basic units of matter that form elements.

    Molecules

    Groups of two or more atoms bonded together.

    Ions

    Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons.

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    Quantum Theory

    Describes the behavior of matter and energy at atomic levels.

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    Fahrenheit Scale

    Temperature scale with 180 degrees between freezing and boiling points of water.

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    Crossover Point

    The point where Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures are equal, at -40 degrees.

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    Absolute Zero

    Theoretical temperature where molecular motion stops, -459°F or -273°C.

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    Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion

    Formula: °F = (1.8 × °C) + 32 for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit.

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    Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion

    Formula: °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8 for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius.

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    Water Freezes

    Water freezes at 0°C or 32°F.

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    Water Boils

    Water boils at 100°C or 212°F.

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    Temperature Conversion Steps

    Conversions involve adjusting for different degree sizes between Fahrenheit and Celsius.

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    Celsius to Fahrenheit formula

    oF = (1.8 x oC) + 32; used for conversion.

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    Temperature conversion example

    When oC = 16, then oF = 60.8.

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    Importance of parentheses

    Using parentheses in calculations avoids errors in order of operations.

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    Significant figures in calculations

    Rounding is important for precision in scientific measurements.

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    Unit conversion necessity

    Different situations may require data in various forms or units.

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    Acre

    A unit of area equal to 4,840 square yards or 43,560 square feet.

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    Hectare

    A unit of area equal to 10,000 square meters or 2.47 acres.

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    Conversion factor

    A ratio used to convert from one unit to another.

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    Trees per acre

    The number of trees planted per acre of land.

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    Density calculation

    The method of determining the number of items in a given area.

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    Factor-Label Method

    A method to convert units using multiplication by conversion factors.

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    Pinus ponderosa

    A species of tree also known as ponderosa pine.

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    2.47 acres

    The equivalent area of 1 hectare.

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    Tree Density

    The number of trees per unit area, measured in trees per hectare or acre.

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    Acres to Hectares Conversion

    To convert acres to hectares, multiply by 0.4047.

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    Calculation for Tree Density

    Multiply trees per acre by 2.47 to find trees per hectare.

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    Stand Density Measurement

    A way to quantify the number of trees in a given area for health assessment.

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    Multiplication in Area Conversion

    Use multiplication to change measurements of area from one unit to another.

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    Kilometer to mile conversion

    1 kilometer equals approximately 0.621371 miles.

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    Microgram

    A unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram (10^-6 g).

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    Metric prefix: kilo-

    A prefix meaning a factor of 10^3, or 1000 times the base unit.

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    Unit cancelation

    A method in calculations to simplify units to get the desired unit.

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    Conversion example: grams to micrograms

    To convert 4.5 x 10^-5 g to micrograms, multiply by 1,000,000 (10^6).

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    Metric prefix: milli-

    A prefix meaning a factor of 10^-3, or one thousandth of the base unit.

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    Deci- prefix

    A prefix representing one-tenth of a base unit (10^-1).

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    Study Notes

    General Chemistry (CHE 101)

    • General Chemistry course, course code CHE 101

    Topics Breakdown (Part I)

    • Chemistry: The Study of Change (Chapter 1)
    • Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Chapter 2)
    • Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms (Chapter 7)
    • Periodic Relationships Among the Elements (Chapter 8)

    Further Details: Topic Breakdown

    • Chemistry involves the study of what happens when electron clouds of different substances interact.
    • The course will explore different types of bonding based on examples of atoms colliding with other substances.
    • The important chapters from the first part are Chapter 1, 2, 7, and 8.
    • These chapters cover the initial concepts of the subject.

    Chapter 1: Chemistry: The Study of Change

    • Chemistry is the study of change.
    • Chemistry focuses on what happens when the electron cloud of one substance encounters the electron cloud of another.

    General Atomic and Molecular Properties

    • Atoms interact by transferring or sharing electrons.
    • The transfer of electrons results in an ionic bond.
    • The sharing of electrons creates a covalent bond.
    • The illustration shows sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) colliding.
    • Sodium gives an electron to chlorine.
    • This produces a negatively charged chlorine ion (Cl-) and a positively charged sodium ion (Na+).
    • The ions form an ionic bond in sodium chloride (NaCl).

    Covalent Bonding Example

    • Hydrogen (H) atoms collide and share electrons.
    • This creates a covalent bond in a hydrogen molecule (H2).
    • The atoms share one pair of electrons to complete their valence shells.

    Molecular Interactions and Reactions

    • Different molecular interactions and reactions might occur when two atoms or molecules collide.

    General Science Concepts

    • Matter has mass and occupies space.
    • Energy is the "normal stuff" in the universe outside of matter.
    • Matter and energy are related by E = mc²
    • Modern astrophysics shows that matter and energy are about 5% of the universe ; Dark matter and Dark energy take up the rest.

    Chemical Changes

    • Chemical changes involve breaking chemical bonds, rearranging atoms, and forming new chemical bonds.
    • An example of a chemical change is propane burning in oxygen; it produces carbon dioxide and water.
    • Chemical equation, example, C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

    Physical Changes

    • Physical changes relate to changes in state, like solid to liquid to gas, and dissolving processes.
    • Examples - Water freezes to ice, ice melts to water, sugar dissolves in water, water evaporates and leaves behind the sugar.

    A Burning Candle

    • A burning candle shows both physical and chemical changes.
    • The heat from the flame changes wax from solid to gaseous form.
    • Then, the converted gaseous wax burns in the air with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water.

    Phases of Fire

    • Diagram displays the different phases of a candle's burning process.
    • A fuel vapor cloud is formed from the melting and pyrolysis of the solid wax.
    • Heating from the flame provides energy for breaking the bonds in the fuel and oxygen to release rearrangements.
    • A reaction zone is created where fuel vapors and oxygen come into contact to form CO₂ and H₂O, then dissipates in turbulent mixing.

    Numbers in Chemistry

    • Numbers in chemistry are often either too big or too small for writing in their decimal form.
    • Use exponential notation (scientific notation).
    • Example: The number of copper atoms in a pre-1982 penny is 29,500,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms.
    • Expressed as 2.95 x 10²² atoms.

    Weight of a single copper atom

    • The weight of a single copper atom is a very small number.
    • Example: 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 23 lbs.
    • Expressed as 2.3 x 10⁻²⁵ lbs

    Significant Figures Practice

    • Significant figures can be used when doing calculations with big or small numbers.
    • Example: 0.0003007 has 4 significant figures.
    • Example, 15.00 has 4 significant figures. Example: 1200 has 2 significant figures.

    Calculations with Scientific Notation

    • Follow the rules in your textbook when multiplying and dividing with exponential notation.
    • The calculator should be set to do so.

    Units of Measurement

    • Units of Measurement consist of two components: (a) A number and (b) A unit.

    Unit Systems

    • Metric (SI), English

    Basic Metric Systems

    • Length-meters (m)
    • Volume-cubic meters (m³), or liters (L) or cm³ (cc's).
    • Mass-grams (g)
    • Time-seconds (s)

    Unit Prefixes

    • Units may be too big or small to write conveniently.
    • Examples include the units-giga (G), mega (M), kilo (k), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), micro (μ), nano (n), pico (p).

    Temperature Systems

    • Celsius (or Centigrade), Kelvin, Fahrenheit

    Celsius vs. Kelvin

    • Both use the same sized degree.
    • Celsius goes from 0 to 100
    • Kelvin goes from 273 to 373

    Fahrenheit Scale

    • Has 180 steps between freezing and boiling.
    • 1° Celsius = 1.8° Fahrenheit
    • 32 °F = 0° C

    Celsius/Kelvin Conversions

    • K = °C + 273
    • °C = K - 273

    Celsius/Fahrenheit Conversions

    • °F = (1.8 x °C) + 32
    • (°F - 32) / 1.8 = °C

    Sample Calculations

    • Calculations using conversions, including temperature conversions (Fahrenheit to Celsius), and using the factor-label method.

    General Summary of the Topics

    • Chapters related to fundamental chemical concepts and calculations, unit conversions, and significant figures are all part of General Chemistry 101, which is a comprehensive introduction to chemistry.

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    Test your knowledge on the foundational principles of General Chemistry (CHE 101). This quiz covers topics such as the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, as well as the relationships between temperature scales. Additionally, you will explore various subjects following the study of atoms, molecules, and ions.

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