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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a chemical property of matter?
Which of the following best describes a chemical property of matter?
- Color of a liquid
- Ductility of a metal
- Flammability of a substance (correct)
- Density of a solid
What distinguishes an intensive physical property from an extensive physical property?
What distinguishes an intensive physical property from an extensive physical property?
- It can be changed by altering the conditions of measurement.
- It is independent of the amount of substance present. (correct)
- It only applies to liquids and gases.
- It requires chemical reaction to be measured.
Which of the following chemical formulas represents a substance containing two different elements?
Which of the following chemical formulas represents a substance containing two different elements?
- O2
- H2O (correct)
- C6H12O6
- He
Which separation technique is used primarily to separate substances based on boiling points?
Which separation technique is used primarily to separate substances based on boiling points?
In the chemical formula CO2, how many oxygen atoms are present?
In the chemical formula CO2, how many oxygen atoms are present?
Which of the following correctly represents the atoms in the chemical formula for ammonia?
Which of the following correctly represents the atoms in the chemical formula for ammonia?
Which of the following is an extensive physical property?
Which of the following is an extensive physical property?
What is the total number of carbon atoms present in the chemical formula for sucrose?
What is the total number of carbon atoms present in the chemical formula for sucrose?
Which of the following correctly identifies the elements and their counts in methane?
Which of the following correctly identifies the elements and their counts in methane?
Which of the following accurately describes a consumer product?
Which of the following accurately describes a consumer product?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- Matter is characterized by observable properties such as mass, volume, and density.
- Properties help in identifying and separating substances.
Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties are traits observable when matter reacts with another substance.
- Examples include flammability and oxidation.
Chemical Formula
- A chemical formula indicates the types and number of atoms in a substance.
- Example: CO2 (1 Carbon atom, 2 Oxygen atoms = Carbon Dioxide).
Physical Properties
- Physical properties can be observed without changing the chemical composition.
- Intensive Properties: Do not depend on the amount of substance (e.g., ductility, malleability, diffusion).
- Extensive Properties: Depend on the amount (e.g., size).
Common Substances
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl): 1 Sodium atom, 1 Chlorine atom.
- Ammonia (NH3): 1 Nitrogen atom, 3 Hydrogen atoms.
- Sucrose (C12H22O11): 12 Carbon, 22 Hydrogen, 11 Oxygen atoms.
- Methane (CH4): 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen atoms.
- Acetone (C3H6O): 3 Carbon, 6 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen atom.
Consumer Products
- Defined as final goods purchased by individuals or households for personal use.
- Production involves the interplay of science, technology, and societal needs.
Separation Techniques
- Various methods are used to separate components of mixtures:
- Distillation: Evaporation and condensation process based on boiling points.
- Filtration: Separates insoluble solids from liquids through porous material.
- Decantation: Involves pouring off liquid from settled solid.
- Centrifugation: Uses centrifugal force to accelerate the settling of components.
- Chromatography: Separates substances based on their affinities for a stationary phase.
- Electrolysis: Chemical breakdown resulting from electric current through a liquid solution.
Key Concepts
- Method: Refers to procedures or techniques used in separation.
- Separate: Process of moving or segregating substances to isolate components.
- Mixture: Combination of two or more pure substances without a chemical union.
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