Questions and Answers
Water is essential to life on Earth.
True
What percentage of the human body is made up of water?
70%
What are the main types of water found in the biosphere?
What is the chemical formula of water?
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What is the molecular shape of water?
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What type of bond is present in water?
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What are the intermolecular forces present in water?
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Water has _____________ electron domains around the central atom (O).
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What type of geometry does water have?
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Why do researchers look for traces of water on other planets?
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What percentage of Earth's water is saltwater?
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What is the molecular shape of water?
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Water has _____________ domains around the central atom (O).
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Its electron domain geometry is _____________ and its molecular geometry is _____________.
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What are the intermolecular forces present in water?
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Study Notes
Importance of Water
- Water is essential for all life forms on Earth; researchers seek traces on other planets to find potential life.
- Used by humans for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and creating substances.
- Presence of liquid water on a planet increases the likelihood of life similar to Earth.
Composition of Water on Earth
- Water constitutes a significant portion of the biosphere: 95% saltwater and 5% freshwater.
- Exists in various forms: ice, glaciers, underground lakes, soil, atmosphere, and rivers.
- The human body is composed of approximately 70% water.
Unique Properties of Water
- Unique properties arise from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
- Properties include high specific heat, high surface tension, and solvent abilities vital for biological processes.
Molecular Structure of Water
- Represents with chemical formula H2O; consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a central oxygen atom.
- The electron domain geometry around the oxygen atom is tetrahedral due to four electron domains but features two lone pairs.
Molecular Geometry
- Presence of two lone pairs results in a bent molecular geometry.
- Oxygen's higher electronegativity creates a dipole moment, making the molecule polar with partial charges between O and H atoms.
Intermolecular Forces
- Water molecules undergo hydrogen bonding due to their polarity.
- The neutral charge of water does not result in full charges but in partial positive (H) and negative (O) charges, leading to significant interactions between molecules.
Importance of Water
- Water is essential for all life forms on Earth; researchers seek traces on other planets to find potential life.
- Used by humans for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and creating substances.
- Presence of liquid water on a planet increases the likelihood of life similar to Earth.
Composition of Water on Earth
- Water constitutes a significant portion of the biosphere: 95% saltwater and 5% freshwater.
- Exists in various forms: ice, glaciers, underground lakes, soil, atmosphere, and rivers.
- The human body is composed of approximately 70% water.
Unique Properties of Water
- Unique properties arise from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
- Properties include high specific heat, high surface tension, and solvent abilities vital for biological processes.
Molecular Structure of Water
- Represents with chemical formula H2O; consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a central oxygen atom.
- The electron domain geometry around the oxygen atom is tetrahedral due to four electron domains but features two lone pairs.
Molecular Geometry
- Presence of two lone pairs results in a bent molecular geometry.
- Oxygen's higher electronegativity creates a dipole moment, making the molecule polar with partial charges between O and H atoms.
Intermolecular Forces
- Water molecules undergo hydrogen bonding due to their polarity.
- The neutral charge of water does not result in full charges but in partial positive (H) and negative (O) charges, leading to significant interactions between molecules.
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Description
Explore the essential structure and unique properties of water in this lesson from General Chemistry 2. Understand why water is crucial for life on Earth and its significance in various human activities. Dive into the scientific reasons behind the search for water on other planets.
