General Biology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What occurs first when a stimulus is applied to a neuron?

K+ channels begin to open

The membrane becomes hyperpolarized

The action potential is generated

Na+ channels open and Na+ enters the axon (correct)

What is the result of reaching the threshold potential in a neuron?

The membrane potential stabilizes at resting potential

An action potential is generated (correct)

K+ begins to diffuse out of the axon

Na+ channels close immediately

During repolarization, which of the following changes occur in the neuron's membrane?

Voltage-gated K+ channels open allowing K+ to exit the axon (correct)

Na+ channels remain open for a prolonged period

Both Na+ and K+ channels remain closed

K+ channels close quickly

What contributes to hyperpolarization of the neuron's membrane?

Prolonged K+ diffusion due to slow closure of K+ channels Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential?

Sodium (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of IAA in the shoots of flowering plants?

Stimulates cell elongation Signup and view all the answers

How do roots respond to gravity?

They bend towards gravity Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement characterizes taxis?

Directional response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes kinesis?

It is a non-directional response to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a reflex arc enhances its protective effect?

Has a fast response time due to few neurones. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of IAA in a shaded shoot?

It increases on the shaded side. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the root tip and IAA is incorrect?

IAA promotes elongation in roots. Signup and view all the answers

What response are woodlice exhibiting when they move away from light?

Taxis response Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the generator potential reaches the threshold?

It triggers an action potential. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is illustrated by the Pacinian corpuscle?

Mechanoreceptors that respond to mechanical pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason rods have lower visual acuity compared to cones?

Several rods connect to a single neurone. Signup and view all the answers

How do rods differ in sensitivity to light compared to cones?

Rods can respond to dim light more effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes color perception by cones?

There are three types of cones that absorb different wavelengths. Signup and view all the answers

What does spatial summation in rods help to achieve?

Overcoming the threshold to generate an action potential. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between rods and cones concerning visual processing?

Cones send separate sets of impulses to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception is commonly held regarding sodium diffusion in sensory neurones?

Sodium ions diffuse into the sensory neurone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phosphocreatine during muscle contraction?

It rapidly phosphorylates ADP to regenerate ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of slow twitch muscle fibers?

Specialized for slow and sustained contractions. Signup and view all the answers

Where would you expect to find a high proportion of fast twitch muscle fibers?

Muscles required for rapid movement, like biceps. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the energy production in fast twitch muscle fibers?

It generates energy mainly from anaerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes slow twitch muscle fibers from fast twitch muscle fibers?

Higher concentration of myoglobin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for the rapid fatigue of fast twitch muscle fibers?

They accumulate high levels of lactate. Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of slow twitch fibers differ from that of fast twitch fibers?

Slow twitch fibers dominate in muscles used for long distance running. Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraction are fast twitch fibers specialized for?

Brief, intense contractions. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to acetylcholine after synaptic transmission to prevent overstimulation?

It is hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase. Signup and view all the answers

What describes spatial summation in synaptic transmission?

Many presynaptic neurones converge on one post-synaptic neurone. Signup and view all the answers

How is inhibition achieved by inhibitory synapses?

By hyperpolarising the postsynaptic membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for synapses resulting in unidirectional nerve impulses?

Neurotransmitter release occurs solely from pre-synaptic neurones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term that should be used instead of 'amount' when referring to glucose?

Concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the reason why Type II diabetics have issues with glucose uptake?

Their cells lose responsiveness to insulin. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during temporal summation?

One neurone releases neurotransmitter multiple times in rapid succession. Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT involved in producing a calibration curve for glucose?

Plot absorbance versus temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hyperpolarization have on a postsynaptic neurone?

It makes the inside of the axon more negative than resting potential. Signup and view all the answers

How is the glucose concentration in an unknown ‘urine’ sample determined using a calibration curve?

By measuring absorbance and reading off the calibration curve. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a neuromuscular junction?

Receptors are located on the muscle fibre sarcolemma. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be a controlled variable in a glucose concentration experiment?

Volume of Benedict’s solution used. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of summation in the context of synapses?

To increase the likelihood of reaching the action potential threshold. Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be performed on the unknown urine sample before identifying glucose concentration?

Conducting a Benedict’s test. Signup and view all the answers

How should results of absorbance be plotted when creating a calibration curve?

Concentration on the x-axis and absorbance on the y-axis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing precipitate before using a colorimeter on glucose solutions?

It improves the accuracy of the results. Signup and view all the answers

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in general biology, exploring fundamental principles and topics essential for understanding life sciences. Test your knowledge on various biological processes, classifications, and the diversity of life. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of biology.