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Questions and Answers
What is the first phase of the Calvin cycle?
What is the first phase of the Calvin cycle?
Which process directly follows carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
Which process directly follows carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
What type of phosphorylation is associated with cyclic electron flow?
What type of phosphorylation is associated with cyclic electron flow?
Which stage is involved in the light-dependent reactions?
Which stage is involved in the light-dependent reactions?
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What is the last step of the Calvin cycle?
What is the last step of the Calvin cycle?
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What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for photosynthesis?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for photosynthesis?
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Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for gas exchange during photosynthesis?
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for gas exchange during photosynthesis?
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What role does water play in the photosynthesis process?
What role does water play in the photosynthesis process?
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Which form of energy is utilized by plants during photosynthesis?
Which form of energy is utilized by plants during photosynthesis?
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What type of process is photosynthesis classified as?
What type of process is photosynthesis classified as?
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Which component of the chloroplast is primarily involved in capturing light energy?
Which component of the chloroplast is primarily involved in capturing light energy?
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What is produced as a direct byproduct of the photosynthesis process?
What is produced as a direct byproduct of the photosynthesis process?
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Study Notes
General Biology Reviewers - Grade 11 Finals
- Honor Code: Angeleneans pledge honesty, integrity, and scholarly conduct in academic tasks, adhering to proper citation and data collection.
- Reminder: Reviewers are provided to aid in preparation for upcoming exams. Additional resources are recommended for further study. Students are encouraged to keep striving for success.
Photosynthesis Outline
- Photosynthesis Definition: An anabolic, endergonic process utilizing CO2, light, and H2O to produce organic molecules like glucose.
- Equation for Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Essential Factors: Carbon dioxide (from atmosphere), water (absorbed by roots), and light energy (photons from the sun) are crucial for the process.
Photosynthetic Plant Parts
- Chloroplasts: The organelles where photosynthesis occurs, specifically within the leaves.
- Stomata: Pores in leaves for gas and water exchange with the atmosphere.
- Thylakoids: Membranous compartments within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll to absorb light.
- Granum: Stacks of thylakoid membranes.
- Chlorophyll: A pigment (e.g., Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B) that absorbs light energy, with chlorophyll A being the primary pigment.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Photosystems (PSI & PSII): Clusters of chlorophyll molecules which capture light energy. PSII initiates the process, leading to photolysis of water. PSI utilizes this energy to produce ATP and NADPH.
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC): A series of protein complexes in thylakoid membranes moving electrons.
- ATP Synthesis: The process using the energy from the ETC to produce ATP. The H⁺ ion gradient is crucial.
- NADPH Production: Light energy is used to convert NADP⁺ to NADPH.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Carbon Fixation: Atmospheric CO2 combines with RuBP, a five carbon molecule, to create a three-carbon compound.
- Reduction: ATP and NADPH (products of light-dependent reactions) are used to transform the initial 3-carbon molecule into G3P.
- Regeneration: Some G3P molecules are recycled, maintaining the RuBP levels for continuous carbon fixation, while others create glucose.
Glucose Production
- Glucose and oxygen combine to release energy. Glucose is used or stored to maintain plant health.
- Photosynthesis and respiration have inverse reactions, with one consuming what the other produces.
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Description
Prepare for your Grade 11 finals with this comprehensive quiz on photosynthesis. This review covers key definitions, equations, and essential plant parts involved in the process. Enhance your understanding and boost your confidence as you get ready for your exams.
