12 Questions
What is the fundamental concept in biology that relates to the correlation between the structure of an organism and its function?
Structure fits function
What is the highest level of structural organization in an animal’s body?
Organism level
What are the four major categories of tissues found in animals?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
A tissue
What is the level of structural organization that includes the heart?
Organ level
What is the term for the arrangement of structures in an animal’s body from simplest to most complex?
Hierarchy of structural organization
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue in the body?
To cover and line internal organs and cavities
Which type of epithelium is found in the lining of the air sacs of the lung?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is characteristic of connective tissue?
It has sparse cells and an extracellular matrix
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
To perform voluntary body movements
What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
To form a communication network
What is an organ composed of?
Several tissues that cooperate to perform specific functions
Study Notes
Structure and Function in Animals
- The correlation between structure and function is one of biology's most fundamental concepts, and it is observed at each level in the structural hierarchy of an animal's body.
Hierarchy of Structural Organization
- The hierarchy of structural organization in an animal's body consists of five levels: cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
- Each level builds upon the previous one to form a complex system.
Types of Tissues
- There are four major categories of tissues in animals: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
- Each type of tissue has a specific structure and function that allows it to perform a particular role in the body.
Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue occurs as sheets of closely packed cells that cover surfaces and line internal organs and cavities.
- The structure of each type of epithelium fits its function, and it has several subtypes, including:
- Simple squamous epithelium (lining the air sacs of the lung)
- Simple cuboidal epithelium (forming a tube in the kidney)
- Simple columnar epithelium (lining the intestine)
- Stratified squamous epithelium (lining the esophagus)
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue is characterized by sparse cells that manufacture and secrete an extracellular matrix.
- The matrix is composed of fibers embedded in a liquid, solid, or gel, and it binds and supports other tissues.
- There are six major types of connective tissue, including:
- Loose connective tissue (under the skin)
- Adipose tissue (fat)
- Blood
- Fibrous connective tissue (forming a ligament)
- Cartilage (at the end of a bone)
- Bone
Muscle Tissue
- Muscle tissue is responsible for movement and consists of three types:
- Skeletal muscle (responsible for voluntary body movements)
- Cardiac muscle (pumps blood)
- Smooth muscle (moves the walls of internal organs such as the stomach)
Nervous Tissue
- Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting nerve signals that help control body activities.
- It is composed of branching neurons that form a communication network.
Organ Structure
- Each organ is made of several tissues that cooperate to perform specific functions.
- The structure of an organ is composed of different tissues, including epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Explore the fundamental concepts of biology, including the correlation between structure and function, and compare reproduction, development, and nutrition in plants and animals. This quiz covers the basics of biology, including the hierarchy of structures in the animal body.
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