General Biology 1 - Mitosis/Meiosis

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Questions and Answers

DNA sequences that control traits are called:

Genes (correct)

Enzymes

Proteins

Characteristics

Meiosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells.

False

What process creates identical daughter cells?

Mitosis

During the S phase, DNA is __________.

duplicated Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their outcomes:

Mitosis = 2 identical daughter cells Meiosis = 4 genetically different daughter cells DNA Replication = Duplicated DNA Synapsis = Homologous chromosomes pair up Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does mitosis produce?

Diploid cells Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis results in two diploid cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome number for humans?

46 Signup and view all the answers

During the cell cycle, a cell spends most of its time in ________.

interphase Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of cellular division to their description:

Mitosis = Results in two identical daughter cells Meiosis = Results in four haploid cells Interphase = Cell growth and chromosome replication Anaphase = Chromosomes separate to opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prometaphase?

It breaks apart into numerous membrane vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Metaphase accounts for approximately 4% of the duration of the cell cycle.

True Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms on chromosomes during prometaphase that is essential for their movement?

kinetochores Signup and view all the answers

In prophase, chromatin condenses and the __________ disappears.

nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

Match the phase of mitosis with its main characteristic:

Prophase = Condensation of chromatin occurs Prometaphase = Nuclear membrane breaks apart Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate Anaphase = Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

What process forms the nuclear membranes during cell division?

Endoplasmic reticulum around daughter chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis I produces daughter cells with a haploid amount of DNA.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the period between telophase I of meiosis I and prophase II of meiosis II called?

Interkinesis Signup and view all the answers

During Meiosis II, the division that occurs is referred to as _____ division, similar to mitosis.

equational Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of meiosis with their descriptions:

Interkinesis = Protein and RNA synthesis without DNA synthesis Karyokinesis II = Disappearance of nuclear membrane and nucleolus Cytokinesis II = Division of cytoplasm after meiosis II Prophase II = Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Biology 1 - Mitosis/Meiosis

Mitosis/Meiosis: Describes the stages of cell division, specifically mitosis and meiosis, in a 2n=6 scenario. Focuses on the processes and outcomes in these two types of cell division.

Mitosis

Definition: A type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is a fundamental process for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Phases:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. The centrioles move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers form.
- Prometaphase: Microtubules attach to kinetochores on the chromosomes, beginning their movement.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate or equator of the cell, with sister chromatids attached.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate from each other at the centromere and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, unpack into chromatin, and the nuclear membrane reforms. The cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) leading to two separate daughter cells.
Purpose: Growth and repair of tissues and organisms. Producing identical copies of the parent cell, crucial for cell replacement.

Meiosis

Definition: A type of cell division that results in four genetically different daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Key for sexual reproduction and genetic variation.
Stages (Meiosis I):
- Interphase: DNA replication occurs.
- Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing over occurs, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
- Metaphase I: Paired homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
- Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase I: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, the nuclear membrane may reform, and cytokinesis occurs to create two haploid daughter cells.
Stages (Meiosis II):
- Interphase: No DNA replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II.
- Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
- Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (single file instead of paired).
- Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase II: Chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nuclear membrane reforms, and cytokinesis occurs to create four haploid daughter cells.
Purpose: Producing gametes (sperm and egg) with half the chromosome number for sexual reproduction. Generating genetic variability via crossing over, crucial for evolution.

Additional Information

Chromosome Number: The complete set of chromosomes found in a somatic cell. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
Genome: All the genetic information in an organism.
Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of cell division in General Biology 1, focusing on mitosis and meiosis within a 2n=6 context. This quiz covers definitions, phases, and outcomes of each type of cell division essential for growth and reproduction.