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Questions and Answers
What term describes structures that lie toward the median plane of the body?
Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
In the context of limb anatomy, what term refers to structures situated further from the body?
Which term is used to describe structures that lie toward the tail?
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What is the study of structures of cells and tissues using a microscope called?
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What is the orientation of structures that are described as palmar in the forelimb?
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Which branch of anatomy focuses on the comparative structure of different species?
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What does osteology primarily study?
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Which anatomical study method is concerned with the body's organ systems?
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Which term describes structures that lie toward the back of the trunk?
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Study Notes
General Anatomy
- Anatomy, also known as morphology, is a branch of biological science focused on the form and structure of organisms.
- It studies the form, structure, and relationships of different body parts.
- Latin translates to "to cut and see", reflecting the historical practice of dissecting to understand anatomy.
Branches of Anatomy
- Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy: Study of body structures visible without magnification, using naked eye or hand lens.
- Microscopic Anatomy (Histology): Study of cells and tissues using a microscope.
- Cytology: Study of individual cells.
- Developmental Anatomy: Study of structural changes from fertilization to maturity.
- Embryology: Subset of developmental anatomy, focusing on changes from conception to birth.
- Special Anatomy: Description of a single species (e.g., equine anatomy, human anatomy/anthropotomy).
- Comparative Anatomy: Description and comparison of animal structures across species.
Methods of Studying Anatomy
- Systematic Anatomy: Study of body systems (e.g., nervous system, digestive system).
- Topographic (Regional) Anatomy: Study of body by regions (e.g., thorax, abdomen), including surface anatomy.
- Applied (Clinical) Anatomy: Relationship between structure and function, applying knowledge to medical practice.
Components of Systematic Anatomy
- Osteology: Study of bones and cartilages.
- Syndesmology: Study of joints.
- Myology: Study of muscles and their accessory structures.
- Splanchnology: Study of internal organs (viscera) of digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems.
- Angiology: Study of the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, lymphatics, spleen).
- Neurology: Study of the nervous system and sense organs.
- Common Integument: Study of skin and associated structures (nails, hooves, horns, etc.).
Topographic Terms
- Dorsal: Back side of the body.
- Ventral: Belly side of the body.
- Cranial: Towards the head.
- Caudal: Towards the tail.
- Rostral: Towards the nose (used for head only).
- Medial: Towards the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline.
- External: Near the surface of the body.
- Internal: Away from the surface, within the body.
- Superficial: Near the surface.
- Deep: Towards the interior of the body.
- Proximal: Closer to the body.
- Distal: Further from the body.
- Palmar: Palm side of the wrist/forelimb.
- Plantar: Sole of the foot/hind limb.
- Regional names (e.g., carpal/knee joint, tarsal/hock joint): used to describe specific regions on limbs and body.
Planes of the Body
- Median Plane: Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
- Sagittal Plane: Any plane parallel to the median plane, dividing the body unequally.
- Transverse Plane: Any plane cutting the body or limb perpendicular to its long axis (dividing into cranial and caudal portions).
- Dorsal (Frontal) Plane: Divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions.
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Description
Explore the fascinating field of anatomy, which focuses on the form and structure of organisms. This quiz covers the various branches of anatomy, including macroscopic, microscopic, and developmental studies. Test your knowledge on how different body parts relate and function within species.
