GENEL1 - Web and Internet Overview

The Web and the Internet

• The World Wide Web is a collection of interconnected documents, organized into web pages with text and graphics.
• Hypertext links allow navigation to related information within the web.
• Websites consist of linked web pages around a common theme, with the home page serving as the main organizing page.
• Sir Timothy Berners-Lee is credited as the inventor of the World Wide Web and is affiliated with the University of Oxford and MIT.

Web Evolution

Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

• Characterized as an early internet phase focused on reading content, primarily functioning as an information portal.
• Built on hyperlinking and organized content through simple tables.
• Mainly showcased company home pages and limited directory usability.
• Examples include Mp3.com with directories and HTML pages.
• Disadvantages include limited interactivity and lack of user engagement.

Web 2.0 (Read-Write Interactive Web)

• Represents a shift towards user-generated content, collaboration, and interactivity.
• Features dynamic web pages responding to user inputs, enabling comments and user accounts.
• Supports social networking via platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
• Blogs serve as informal websites with posts displayed chronologically, examples being WordPress and Blogger.
• Wikis allow collaborative editing, prominently seen in Wikipedia.
• Video sharing sites like YouTube enable content uploading and sharing.
• Key features introduce dynamic interfaces, user participation, and services offered on demand.

Web 3.0 (Read-Write Intelligent Web)

• A proposed third generation emphasizing enhanced features for web and mobile applications.
• Focus on two-way interaction, with upgrades to existing online applications.
• Examples include various portals tailored for students, governments, and vendors.
• Wikis can be created on diverse subjects, allowing users to collaborate and edit.

The Internet

• The Internet is the largest global network connecting billions of computer users, derived from "interconnection" and "network."
• It is decentralized, with no single entity owning the entire network.
• Originated from the ARPA project in 1969, evolving through significant milestones like the introduction of TCP/IP.

Major Components of the Internet

• Servers: Provide services to other programs, including application servers, web servers, proxy servers, mail servers, file servers, and policy servers.
• IP Address: Numerical label identifying each device on the network.
• Browser: Application that allows users to access web information.
• Domain Name System (DNS): Serves as the internet's "phonebook," translating domain names into IP addresses.
• Internet Service Provider (ISP): Organizations that offer internet access, categorized as national or regional ISPs.

Uses of the Internet

• Information retrieval for education and professional purposes.
• Communication via email and video conferencing.
• E-commerce for buying and selling products.
• Social networking and video sharing.
• Online gaming and educational courses.
• Monitoring and managing finances remotely.

Internet Terms and Definitions

• Internet: A global network of interconnected networks.
• Web: A collection of billions of webpages viewed through browsers.
• Email: Common method for sending messages online.
• Social Media: Platforms for sharing content among users.
• Online Gaming: Multiplayer games played over the internet.
• HTML: Coding language defining page structure and content for browsers.
• URL: A web address directing to specific resources online.
• Bit/Byte: Basic units of digital data; bits are binary digits, and bytes generally consist of eight bits.
• HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for transmitting web pages, with HTTPS ensuring secure connections.
• Router: Hardware directing network traffic from ISPs to user devices.
• Encryption: The process of coding data for secure transmission and confidentiality.

Explore the essential concepts of the Web and the Internet in this quiz. Understand how information is organized into web pages, the significance of hyperlinks, and the definition of a website. Test your knowledge of these foundational elements critical to navigating the digital era.