24 Questions
Which region of a gene contains the consensus sequence?
Promotor region
Which region of a gene specifies the end of transcription?
Terminator region
Which strand of DNA is transcribed into RNA?
Template strand
What is the main key enzyme for transcription?
RNA polymerase
In which direction does RNA polymerase work?
5' to 3'
What is the first stage of transcription?
Initiation
What is the consensus sequence recognized by transcription initiation factors in eukaryotes called?
TATA box
What is the role of general transcription factor TFII?
Recognize and bind the TATA box
Where is the TATA box located in relation to the transcription start site?
~25 nucleotides upstream
What is the role of silencers in transcription initiation?
They inhibit gene transcription
What happens during the elongation phase of transcription?
RNA Polymerase II moves downstream along the DNA
What is the role of chromatin remodeling complexes during elongation?
They help RNA Polymerase II navigate the chromatin structure
What is the role of histone chaperones during elongation?
They disassemble/reassemble nucleosomes
What is the role of DNA topoisomerase during elongation?
They remove supercoils
What are the three main ways in which pre-mRNA is processed in eukaryotes?
Splicing, capping the 5' end, polyadenylation of the 3' end
What is the function of the 5' cap on mRNA?
It facilitates export of the mRNA into the cytosol
What is the function of the poly-A tail on mRNA?
It protects the mRNA from degradation
Prokaryotic mRNA has a cap and a tail like eukaryotic mRNA but it doesn't get spliced
False
Prokaryotic mRNA is considered polycistronic because..
Prokaryotic mRNA does NOT get exported from the nucleus
True
Steps of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are the same except for the processing of mRNA
True
Match the following elements of the transcription process to their respective functions:
TATA box = Binding site for the transcription factor TFIID Silencers = Binding site for repressor proteins that inhibit gene transcription Enhancers = Binding site for transcriptional activator proteins that increase the rate of transcription DNA topoisomerase = Enzyme that relieves super-helical tension during transcription elongation
Match the following elements of pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotes to their respective functions:
Splicing = Removal of intron sequences from the transcribed RNA 5’ cap = Facilitates export of the mRNA into the nucleus and is involved in translation Polyadenylation of 3’ end = Protects the mRNA from degradation and facilitates export from the nucleus Histone chaperones = Assist in partially disassembling & reassembling nucleosomes as an RNA Polymerase passes through
Match the following elements of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription to their respective characteristics:
Eukaryotic transcription = Involves 5’ cap, splicing, and poly-A tail Prokaryotic transcription = Does not require 5’ cap, splicing, or poly-A tail Eukaryotic mRNA = Requires export from the nucleus Prokaryotic mRNA = Does not require export from the nucleus and can begin translation right away
Test your knowledge on transcriptional units and gene structure! This quiz will cover the three general regions found in all genes - the promoter region, coding region, and terminator region. Challenge yourself to identify key elements such as the transcription start site and template strand. Get ready to dive into the world of gene transcription!
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