30 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of the sickle cell anemia mutation?
Replacement of glutamic acid with valine
What is the function of hydroxyurea treatment in sickle cell patients?
Increases fetal globin gene expression
What is the rationale behind placing the African American patient on hydroxyurea?
To reduce vasoocclusive episodes
Which DNA-binding motif is found in the Myogenic transcription factor MyoD?
Helix-loop-helix
Which gene regulatory protein controls the lysogenic state of Lambda phage?
Lambda cro
Which region of DNA acts as a barrier to spread heterochromatin to the neighboring region?
Insulator
Which of the following is NOT a way by which gene regulatory proteins can be activated?
Synthesis
Which part of the DNA helix do most gene regulatory proteins bind to?
Major grooves
Which DNA binding motif is characterized by amino acid side chains in gene regulatory proteins making hydrogen bonds with bases from outside?
Helix-loop-helix motif
Which DNA binding motif forms heterodimers, expanding the repertoire of DNA-binding specificities?
Leucine Zipper motifs
Which DNA binding motif is characterized by two monomers held together in a four-helix bundle?
Helix-loop-helix motif
Which class of gene regulatory proteins plays a critical part in orchestrating fly development?
Homeodomain protein
Which type of protein binds to a specific region of DNA to prevent transcription of an adjacent gene?
Repressor
What is the function of an activator protein?
To increase transcription of an adjacent gene
What is an enhancer element?
A regulatory DNA sequence to which gene regulatory proteins bind
What is the function of a TATA box?
To specify the position at which transcription is initiated
What are general transcription factors?
Proteins required for transcription initiation
What allows gene regulatory proteins to work from a distance?
Enhancer elements
Which of the following is a function of hydroxyurea in preventing vaso-occlusive episodes?
Inducing protein degradation
What is the role of XIST RNA in X-chromosome inactivation?
Coating the chromosome that produces it
Which of the following is a characteristic of CpG islands?
They contain a high frequency of CG dinucleotides
What is the effect of DNA hypermethylation on gene expression in cancer cells?
Silencing of gene expression
How is DNA methylation pattern inherited during cell division?
Through DNA methylation maintenance methylase
What happens to CpG islands during the course of evolution?
They are lost due to deamination
Which of the following best describes why cells in different tissues of a multicellular organism produce different types of proteins?
They have different types of RNA
What is the function of a promoter in gene expression?
To bind to RNA polymerase and begin transcription
What is positive control in gene expression?
Type of control in which the gene is turned on
What is negative control in gene expression?
Type of control in which the gene is turned off
Which of the following statements is true about the genetic information in a differentiated cell?
A differentiated cell contains all the genetic information necessary to direct the formation of a complete organism
What is the evidence that a skin cell nucleus contains all the genetic information needed to make different cell types?
The nucleus of a skin cell from an adult frog can give rise to an entire tadpole
Test your knowledge on gene regulatory proteins and their activation mechanisms in molecular biology. Explore the different ways these proteins are activated and their role in cell differentiation.
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