translation 2

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What is the main function of release factor 1 in translation termination?

Recognizes UAA and UAG codons (correct)

Causes the peptidyl transferase to transfer the polypeptide to water

Required for the dissociation of ribosome complex from mRNA

Helps RF2 to carry out its role

During translation termination, what is the role of EF-G?

Transfers the polypeptide to water

Interacts with mRNA

Helps in the dissociation of ribosome complex from mRNA (correct)

Recognizes STOP codons

What are the components required for translation in prokaryotes?

mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, GTP, initiation factors and elongation factors (correct)

DNA, rRNA, ribosome, ATP, transcription factors and termination factors

tRNA, rRNA, ribosome, GTP, transcription factors and elongation factors

mRNA, ribonuclease, ribosome, UTP, transcription factors and translocation factors

What stops frameshifting during translation?

6 bp contact between ribosome and mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the last stage of translation process in prokaryotes?

Termination Signup and view all the answers

Which release factor recognizes UAA and UGA codons?

RF2 Signup and view all the answers

Which site of the ribosome contains the decoding center needed for reading the mRNA?

A-site Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RF3 in translation termination?

Helps RF1 and RF2 to carry out their role Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the initiator tRNA in translation initiation?

Recognizes the AUG codon Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a termination codon appears in the A-site during translation?

Protein is released from the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of GTP hydrolysis in translation elongation?

Ejecting tRNA from the P-site Signup and view all the answers

Which step aims to assemble the translation machinery at the start site in prokaryotic translation?

Initiation Signup and view all the answers

During translation in prokaryotes, where does the initiation complex assemble?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic translation, what is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Promotes ribosome binding to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of release factors in the termination phase of translation?

Signal the ribosome to stop translation Signup and view all the answers

In translation, where do tRNA molecules bring amino acids?

To the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Catalyze the formation of peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves ribosomal translocation during translation in prokaryotes?

Elongation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process whereby ribosomes read the transcribed mRNA to generate a protein?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the addition of amino acids to a growing protein chain during translation?

Elongation Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotes, what is the type of translation that occurs simultaneously with transcription?

Cotranslational translation Signup and view all the answers

What structure reads the mRNA during the translation process?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tRNA is responsible for recognizing the mRNA codon during translation?

Anticodon Signup and view all the answers

What is the step in translation that marks the completion of protein synthesis and the disassembly of the ribosome complex from the mRNA template?

Termination Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is NO tryptophan present during translation in the attenuator polypeptide?

Ribosome stalls and an anti-terminator hairpin structure is generated Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an anti-terminator hairpin structure in translation?

Allows transcription and translation to proceed Signup and view all the answers

Which sequences are involved in the generation of an anti-terminator and terminator hairpin structure during translation?

Anti-terminator: 2 and 3; Terminator: 3 and 4 Signup and view all the answers

What physicochemical properties does a protein contain?

Charged and uncharged amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What does a defined mass of a protein imply?

Protein has a specific molecular weight Signup and view all the answers

How does attenuation function as a control mechanism in translation?

Prevents the generation of more tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trp repressor in regulation by the trp repressor?

To bind to the trp operator and block RNA polymerase from transcribing the trp operon. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the attenuation mechanism in tryptophan biosynthesis.

Attenuation is a regulatory mechanism that allows the cell to sense the availability of tryptophan and adjust transcription of the trp operon accordingly. Signup and view all the answers

How does co-translational control impact protein synthesis?

Co-translational control ensures that the folding of the nascent polypeptide chain is guided by the ribosome, allowing for proper protein structure formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the leader sequence in tryptophan biosynthesis?

The leader sequence contains the trp codons that can cause ribosome stalling, leading to attenuation of transcription in the presence of tryptophan. Signup and view all the answers

How does tryptophan biosynthesis affect the expression of genes involved in the process?

High levels of tryptophan lead to the binding of tryptophan to the trp repressor, which then binds to the trp operator to inhibit transcription. Signup and view all the answers