Gene Expression Regulation Quiz

Regulatory DNA-binding proteins play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation by binding to specific DNA sequences and either activating or repressing the transcription of target genes.

A prokaryotic promoter contains a -10 element (TATA box) and a -35 element (consisting of the six nucleotides TTGACA). Regulatory molecules can stimulate or inhibit RNA Pol binding to the promoter. Prokaryotic genes are mostly constitutively expressed, and RNA Pol generally has access to every promoter.

Polycistronic mRNA is a transcript that encodes several proteins and has a leader sequence preceding the first gene, followed by intercistronic regions. An operon is an 'expression unit' consisting of one or more co-transcribed genes and the operator and promoter sequences that regulate their transcription.

<p>Lectures 11 and 12 provide the background to zinc-finger nuclease, which will be discussed in detail in lecture 12. Zinc-finger nucleases are important tools for gene editing and manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of genes or operons that are regulated together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As negative (inhibited by repressor proteins) or positive (controlled by activator proteins).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can enable transcriptional regulation from a distance, mediated by certain regulatory proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a role in DNA looping by binding to distant sites on a DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has an architectural role in bending DNA to promote looping for recruitment of RNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate transcription by bridging RNA Pol II to proteins that bind distant regulatory regions on DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to activators to suppress transcription without directly binding RNA Pol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They block the unintended effects of DNA looping, preventing the activation of 'non-target' genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small molecules that bind activators or repressors, causing conformational changes that affect transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can inactivate or activate repressors and activators, enabling or shutting down transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the coordinated expression of several genes, often in response to stress, and can occur through common activators or removal of common repressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the coordinated transcription of genes involved in DNA repair and is induced in response to DNA damage, requiring key regulatory proteins like RecA and LexA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycistronic mRNA = A single mRNA molecule encoding multiple proteins Regulon = A set of genes or operons controlled by a common regulatory protein or mechanism Insulators = DNA sequences that prevent the interaction between enhancers and promoters Effectors = Molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to regulatory proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lac repressor = Contributes to DNA looping in bacterial transcriptional regulation H-NS = Plays a role in transcriptional regulation in bacteria Mediator = A transcription coactivator in eukaryotes Cys8 protein = Functions as a transcription corepressor in yeast gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA looping = Brings distant DNA sequences into close proximity to regulate transcription Transcriptional regulation classification = Can be based on positive or negative control, inducible or repressible systems Transcription corepressors = Proteins that inhibit gene expression by interacting with transcription factors or RNA polymerase SOS system = A bacterial response to DNA damage, involving induction of DNA repair and mutagenesis pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulatory DNA-binding proteins = Bind to specific DNA sequences to control the initiation of transcription Global regulation of gene expression = Refers to coordinated control of multiple genes or operons in response to a common regulatory signal Zinc-finger nuclease = An engineered protein used for targeted gene editing and regulation Eukaryotic insulators = Boundary elements that block the spread of heterochromatin and prevent inappropriate gene activation or repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic promoter structure = Includes the -10 and -35 regions recognized by RNA polymerase for transcription initiation Transcription coactivators = Facilitate the assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex and enhance gene expression Operon = A unit of genetic regulation in bacteria, consisting of multiple genes transcribed as a single mRNA Transcriptional regulation by insulators = Prevents the influence of enhancers or silencers on neighboring genes</p> Signup and view all the answers