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Questions and Answers
Friedrich Engels suggested that women assume the role of the bourgeoisie in the household.
False
According to contemporary conflict theorists, when women become wage earners, they tend to have less power in the family structure.
False
Interactionist perspective focuses on how gender is produced and reinforced through daily interactions and symbols.
True
Interactionism is a theoretical perspective that understands social processes as emerging from human isolation.
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Scholars of the interactionist perspective study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through individual interactions.
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According to interactionists, gender stratification exists because people act toward each other based on predefined roles.
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Gender is a natural and static concept, not socially constructed and fluid.
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According to Charles H. Cooley's theory of the 'looking-glass self', an individual's perception of themselves is primarily based on how society views them.
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Gender as performance means that gender is something people are born with and cannot change.
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Men and women are not expected to perform gender roles according to West & Zimmerman's concept.
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The looking-glass self theory was developed by West and Zimmerman in 1987.
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Gender is maintained through accountability according to the content.
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Social interaction according to Goffman is a process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals.
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In social interactions, individuals try to control the behavior of others to manage their own image.
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Symbolic Interactionism focuses on understanding human behavior by analyzing the critical role of numbers in human interaction.
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Gender performance is not a significant aspect considered by Interactionists in social interaction.
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Goffman believes that individuals can conserve an interaction by ignoring certain incidents or solving apparent problems.
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The Looking-glass self theory states that individuals form their self-concept based on how others perceive them.
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Study Notes
Gender Roles and Theoretical Perspectives
- Friedrich Engels proposed that women take on the role of the bourgeoisie within the household.
- Contemporary conflict theorists argue that women who earn wages often have diminished power within family dynamics.
Interactionist Perspective
- Interactionism studies how gender is created and reinforced through daily human interactions and symbols.
- This theoretical framework views social processes as emerging from individual isolation rather than collective society.
- Scholars emphasize that meanings and understandings are developed through individual interactions.
- According to interactionists, gender stratification arises from behaviors based on defined social roles.
Gender as a Concept
- In contrast to a fluid and socially constructed view, gender is often treated as a natural and static concept by some theorists.
- The 'looking-glass self' theory by Charles H. Cooley states that self-perception is shaped by societal perceptions.
- Gender as performance implies that gender identity is inherent and unchangeable for individuals.
Accountability and Social Interaction
- According to West & Zimmerman's concept, individuals are not expected to perform gender roles rigidly.
- Gender maintenance occurs through accountability in social contexts.
- Erving Goffman describes social interaction as a dynamic process involving actions and reactions aimed at managing personal images.
- Social interactions allow individuals to attempt control over others' behaviors to maintain their self-image.
Key Theories and Concepts
- The looking-glass self theory, articulated by West and Zimmerman in 1987, emphasizes self-concept formation through external perceptions.
- Gender performance is not a primary focus in interactionist studies of social interaction.
- Goffman suggests that individuals can manage interactions by overlooking certain events or addressing clear issues.
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Description
Explore the concept of gender as a performance and how masculinity and femininity are socially constructed through daily interactions. Understand how symbols and meanings are fluid and created by society, influencing our behavior and perception of gender identities.
