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Questions and Answers
Scholarship programs for marginalized women and girls are guaranteed by educational institutions.
Scholarship programs for marginalized women and girls are guaranteed by educational institutions.
True
The Beijing Platform for Action aims to enhance obstacles for women's participation in various aspects of life.
The Beijing Platform for Action aims to enhance obstacles for women's participation in various aspects of life.
False
Gender responsive research programs consider the needs of all genders in higher education.
Gender responsive research programs consider the needs of all genders in higher education.
True
Women are restricted from joining prestigious clubs or associations.
Women are restricted from joining prestigious clubs or associations.
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Community-based programs ensure activities only benefit women.
Community-based programs ensure activities only benefit women.
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Discrimination is defined as any treatment difference that limits women's rights based on their marital status.
Discrimination is defined as any treatment difference that limits women's rights based on their marital status.
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The
The
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Foot binding in China was practiced to promote larger feet as a sign of beauty.
Foot binding in China was practiced to promote larger feet as a sign of beauty.
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Breast ironing is a practice used to promote healthy development in young girls.
Breast ironing is a practice used to promote healthy development in young girls.
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CEDAW addresses various rights including social, economic, and civil rights for women.
CEDAW addresses various rights including social, economic, and civil rights for women.
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Study Notes
Gender Responsive Research Programs
- Research programs are required by Philippine law to consider the needs of all genders in the context of gender issues and equality.
Gender Responsive Extension Programs
- These community-based programs must ensure that activities benefit all genders, particularly marginalized groups.
Gender and Society: Key Goals of the BPFA (Beijing Platform for Action)
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Women should have equal chances to participate in decision-making in economic, social, cultural, and political fields.
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Remove obstacles for women’s full participation in all areas of life, such as an equal share in decision-making at home, work, and in society.
Equality in Capacity to Act (BPFA)
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Women should be able to start businesses, sign contracts, and manage their finances without needing permission from male relatives.
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CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) highlights that discrimination is any difference in treatment based on sex.
Equal Membership in Clubs (BPFA)
- Women should have the same rights as men to join prestigious clubs or associations.
Admission to Military Schools (BPFA)
- Women should have the same opportunities as men to attend the Philippine Military Academy.
"Marry Your Rapist" Law (Philippines, 1997)
- This law allowed a rapist to avoid charges if he married his victim.
- The law aimed to stop legal action if the victim forgave her attacker.
- Victims of sexual violence can be further harmed by this law.
- The law may not apply if the marriage is legally invalid.
Corrective Rape
- This violent crime involves raping someone to "force" them to change their sexual orientation or gender identity.
- Often targets LGBTQ+ individuals, especially lesbians or transgender people.
- Based on the false belief that sexual violence can change someone's identity.
Foot Binding (China)
- This traditional practice involved tightly wrapping young girls' feet to prevent them from growing.
- This started when girls were between 4 and 9 years old.
- Small feet were considered a symbol of beauty and status.
- This practice causes serious physical and emotional harm.
Breast Ironing (Cameroon)
- This harmful practice involves pressing a girl's developing breasts with heated objects to stop them from growing.
- Done by female relatives who believe it will protect the girl from harassment or early pregnancy.
- This practice can cause physical and emotional harm.
Functions of Testosterone:
- Development of Male Characteristics: Deepening of the voice, facial and body hair growth, increased muscle mass during puberty.
- Sperm Production: Production of sperm cells in the testes.
- Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle: Regulates libido or sex drive in males, as it helps maintain male reproductive organs such as the testes and prostate.
Female Sex Hormones:
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Progesterone: Prepares the uterine lining for conception and helps with pregnancy.
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Estrogen: Prepares the body for ovulation, keeps the reproductive system healthy, and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics (breasts, wider hips, etc.) during puberty.
The Menstrual Cycle
- Estrogen levels rise in the first two weeks of the cycle (14 days), thickening the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy.
- If pregnancy doesn't occur, progesterone levels drop and the uterine lining breaks down, causing menstruation (period).
Sperm Production and Transportation
- Spermatogenesis: The process by which sperm cells are produced in the testes of males.
- Transportation: Once produced, sperm cells are transported through the vas deferens and other tubes to be ejaculated.
Sexual Intercourse
- Copulation: Refers to the act of inserting the penis into the vagina during sexual intercourse.
Sexual Orientation: Historical Background
- Homosexuality: Coined in 1869 by Karl Maria Kertbeny.
- Gay: Became the preferred term for homosexual men to describe their sexual orientation.
- "Gay" can also refer to both men and women.
Lesbian
- Refers to a homosexual woman who is attracted to other women.
- The term "lesbian" originates from the Greek island of Lesbos, home to the poet Sappho, who wrote about women's lives, relationships, and beauty, often expressing love for other women.
Butch and Femme in Lesbian Culture
- These labels represent more masculine (butch) or feminine (femme) identities.
- These labels often relate to specific traits, behaviors, and styles.
Elements of Arousal:
- Visual: Physical appearance, what the partner is wearing, and what sexual acts are presented.
- Olfactory: Scents, such as perfume, natural body odor, or the smell of bodily fluids.
- Tactile: Sense of touch, key to intimacy, including primary erogenous zones (mouth, anus, nipples, genitals) and secondary erogenous zones (back, neck, cheeks, buttocks).
- Auditory: How sound and words can influence a person's erotic mold.
Sexual Gratification:
- A person's sexual behavior meets their sexual desires or responds to what they find arousing.
Symbolism
- Giving special meaning to things or expressing feelings through visuals or sensations.
Fetishes
- When neutral objects (clothing) are used for sexual excitement.
Partialisms
- Sexual attraction to specific body parts (breasts, buttocks, legs).
- Important Note:* Fetishes and partialisms are normal as long as they are consensual.
Ritualism
- Partners do certain actions, say specific words, or make gestures with special meaning during sex.
Compulsion
- The strong desire to repeat a sexual act in the same way every time.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of gender-responsive research and extension programs as mandated by Philippine law. This quiz covers key goals from the Beijing Platform for Action and highlights the importance of equal participation for all genders in various fields. Test your knowledge on the initiatives aimed at achieving gender equality and empowerment in society.
