Gender and Education Debate

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What are some positive features of teenage language according to the text?

Early adopters of popular culture, innovators of language, burst with activity

What are some popular methods of social networking used by teenagers today?

Skype, Facebook, SMS, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Instagram

How does the digital age affect the communication needs of teenagers?

Instantaneous transfer of information is critical to them

Why may teenagers' language be incomprehensible to those outside their group?

Unclear language, reduced vocabulary from childhood, use of patois Signup and view all the answers

What is a common criticism of teenagers' language according to older generations?

Lowered standards, failure to understand usage of patois Signup and view all the answers

How has the internet impacted teenagers' language styles?

They can share different language styles not available to parents and grandparents Signup and view all the answers

What is teenage language acquisition primarily about?

Adapting and using language in adult situations. Signup and view all the answers

What contrasting language worlds do teenagers often navigate?

Formal Standard English and their own social group's language. Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication is immediate and global according to the text?

Online digital communication. Signup and view all the answers

What do successful students need to demonstrate in traditional education settings?

Ability to write and express themselves appropriately. Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as an important aspect of teenage slang?

Constant and rapid change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of gender and language centered around?

Range of issues including language used for males and females. Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical significance of the 1963 United States federal law?

Enshrined equal pay for equal work. Signup and view all the answers

What is a traditional contrast in language used to describe male and female?

Master and mistress. Signup and view all the answers

According to stereotypes, what types of conversation have males and females traditionally held?

Women: 'gossip', Men: more serious matters in debate and discussion. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of a study by Zimmerman and West regarding interruptions in conversations between men and women?

Men had 46 interruptions, women had 2. Signup and view all the answers

What is the perceived dominance of males in mixed communities a concern in?

educational institutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the stereotype related to male dominance seen as in societies where genders and ethnic groups are approaching equality?

outdated Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of women's online language in computer-mediated communication?

friendliness and lack of hostility Signup and view all the answers

Traditionally, what attitude have girls been brought up with in terms of compliance?

more compliant than boys Signup and view all the answers

What is 'gossip' considered as by social psychologists according to the text?

an evolutionary strategy to forge friendships and keep up to date Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the research on gender and language following earlier work by Robin Lakoff?

Deborah Tannen Signup and view all the answers

What conversational feature are men less likely to engage in according to research studies mentioned in the text?

give supportive feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of women's conversation as mentioned in the text in terms of cooperation?

conversationally more cooperative Signup and view all the answers

Which linguist identified the 'politeness principle' in women's conversation according to the text?

Robin Lakoff Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of men's language in terms of lexical choices as mentioned in the text?

coarser than women's Signup and view all the answers

According to Deborah Tannen, which conversational style is typically attributed to men?

Conflict Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge does Standpoint Theory suggest women have?

Different type of knowledge Signup and view all the answers

In the Genderlect Theory, which gender is more likely to use grammatically incorrect forms of language?

Men Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of conversation is emphasized by women, according to Deborah Tannen's research?

Building and reinforcing cooperative relationships Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is associated with the Standpoint Theory?

Women's lives may be as different from each other as the gender differences Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that certain minorities in society, such as women, are silenced due to lack of power?

Muted Group Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of men's conversation, as indicated by Tannen's research?

Giving and receiving of information Signup and view all the answers

In the Genderlect Theory, what conversational style is attributed to women?

Support Signup and view all the answers

What do women in Western societies focus on in conversation, based on Tannen's research?

Negotiating strategies and building relationships Signup and view all the answers

What has recent studies shown regarding the expected differences in language use between men and women?

Less degree of difference than expected Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms of teenagers' language according to the text?

Teenagers have a limited lexis compared to previous generations. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of teenage language does the digital age emphasize the most?

Instantaneous transfer of information Signup and view all the answers

How do teenagers primarily contribute to language innovation?

By adopting popular culture and creating new language styles. Signup and view all the answers

What are some popular methods of social networking among teenagers as mentioned in the text?

Facebook and Instagram Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding teenage language challenging for those outside their group?

Teenagers may be using unclear or incomprehensible language. Signup and view all the answers

How has the internet influenced teenagers' language styles?

It has expanded the variety of language styles available to teenagers. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main differences between teenage language acquisition and adult language usage according to the text?

Teenagers learn to adapt and use language in various situations, while adults use language solely for communication. Signup and view all the answers

How does teenage slang differ from traditional language forms based on the text?

Teenage slang is lively and constantly evolving, while traditional language forms remain static. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gender and language, what does the text suggest about the historical treatment of women’s educational and career prospects compared to men's?

Women have historically faced more restrictions on their educational and career prospects than men. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the common stereotypes regarding male and female conversational styles?

Men are perceived to engage in lightweight discourse and gossip, whereas women handle serious matters in debate. Signup and view all the answers

What contrasts are highlighted in the text regarding the language used to describe males and females?

'Actor' for males vs. 'Actress' for females; 'Mankind' as norm; The use of 'he' for both genders Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the ability of teenagers in terms of code-switching between different language styles?

The majority of teenagers successfully code switch between different language styles. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the role of jargon and colloquial phrasing in teenage language usage?

The use of jargon and colloquial phrasing sometimes results in bad or abusive language among teenagers. Signup and view all the answers

What are some challenges faced by teenagers who do not engage in code-switching between different language styles?

They are perceived as inarticulate and become the object of negative media attention. Signup and view all the answers

How does teenage slang differ from other forms of rapidly changing language according to the text?

Teenage slang is constantly evolving based on social trends, unlike other forms that remain static. Signup and view all the answers

What role does digital communication play in the development of teenage slang according to the text?

Digital communication allows teenagers to create their own lexis within online communities. Signup and view all the answers

What type of conversational world does Deborah Tannen associate with men in Western societies?

Independence and information Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Tannen's research, what conversational practice are men often associated with?

Assertiveness without avoiding conflict Signup and view all the answers

According to the Genderlect Theory, what is a distinguishing feature of women's conversational style?

Support and understanding Signup and view all the answers

What does Tannen suggest is the primary focus of women's conversation in Western societies?

Building cooperative relationships and negotiating Signup and view all the answers

Which theory recommends that studies about women should be approached from the perspective of women's distinct knowledge?

Standpoint Theory Signup and view all the answers

According to the Muted Group Theory, which group in society is typically silenced due to lack of power?

Women Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic attributed to men's conversational language according to Tannen's findings?

Status and independence Signup and view all the answers

In terms of communication, what might be a concern in mixed communities where male dominance is perceived?

'Muted' group dynamics Signup and view all the answers

'Orders vs proposals' is a contrasting language world mentioned by Tannen. What does this contrast represent?

'Male' vs 'Female' Signup and view all the answers

What does research reveal about the conversation style of men compared to women in computer-mediated communication?

Men are more aggressive users of language than women. Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of men's language usage, as mentioned in the text?

Men are less likely to give supportive feedback like 'really' and 'yeah'. Signup and view all the answers

What conversational feature is characteristic of women's language use, based on the text?

Women tend to be conversationally more cooperative. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gender styles in conversation, what did Robin Lakoff identify in women's conversation?

Politeness strategies like 'please' and 'thanks' are used more often by women. Signup and view all the answers

What did Deborah Tannen's research suggest about men's conversation style?

Men talk more about themselves in conversations compared to women. Signup and view all the answers

What contrast is highlighted between men and women in the use of expletives in conversations?

Men and women use expletives equally often in conversations. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which gender is more likely to discuss weighty and important matters when women are present?