68 Questions
What are some positive features of teenage language according to the text?
Early adopters of popular culture, innovators of language, burst with activity
What are some popular methods of social networking used by teenagers today?
Skype, Facebook, SMS, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Instagram
How does the digital age affect the communication needs of teenagers?
Instantaneous transfer of information is critical to them
Why may teenagers' language be incomprehensible to those outside their group?
Unclear language, reduced vocabulary from childhood, use of patois
What is a common criticism of teenagers' language according to older generations?
Lowered standards, failure to understand usage of patois
How has the internet impacted teenagers' language styles?
They can share different language styles not available to parents and grandparents
What is teenage language acquisition primarily about?
Adapting and using language in adult situations.
What contrasting language worlds do teenagers often navigate?
Formal Standard English and their own social group's language.
What type of communication is immediate and global according to the text?
Online digital communication.
What do successful students need to demonstrate in traditional education settings?
Ability to write and express themselves appropriately.
What is highlighted as an important aspect of teenage slang?
Constant and rapid change.
What is the topic of gender and language centered around?
Range of issues including language used for males and females.
What is the historical significance of the 1963 United States federal law?
Enshrined equal pay for equal work.
What is a traditional contrast in language used to describe male and female?
Master and mistress.
According to stereotypes, what types of conversation have males and females traditionally held?
Women: 'gossip', Men: more serious matters in debate and discussion.
What was the result of a study by Zimmerman and West regarding interruptions in conversations between men and women?
Men had 46 interruptions, women had 2.
What is the perceived dominance of males in mixed communities a concern in?
educational institutions
What is the stereotype related to male dominance seen as in societies where genders and ethnic groups are approaching equality?
outdated
What is a characteristic of women's online language in computer-mediated communication?
friendliness and lack of hostility
Traditionally, what attitude have girls been brought up with in terms of compliance?
more compliant than boys
What is 'gossip' considered as by social psychologists according to the text?
an evolutionary strategy to forge friendships and keep up to date
Who developed the research on gender and language following earlier work by Robin Lakoff?
Deborah Tannen
What conversational feature are men less likely to engage in according to research studies mentioned in the text?
give supportive feedback
What is a characteristic of women's conversation as mentioned in the text in terms of cooperation?
conversationally more cooperative
Which linguist identified the 'politeness principle' in women's conversation according to the text?
Robin Lakoff
What is a characteristic of men's language in terms of lexical choices as mentioned in the text?
coarser than women's
According to Deborah Tannen, which conversational style is typically attributed to men?
Conflict
What type of knowledge does Standpoint Theory suggest women have?
Different type of knowledge
In the Genderlect Theory, which gender is more likely to use grammatically incorrect forms of language?
Men
What aspect of conversation is emphasized by women, according to Deborah Tannen's research?
Building and reinforcing cooperative relationships
What criticism is associated with the Standpoint Theory?
Women's lives may be as different from each other as the gender differences
Which theory suggests that certain minorities in society, such as women, are silenced due to lack of power?
Muted Group Theory
What is the main focus of men's conversation, as indicated by Tannen's research?
Giving and receiving of information
In the Genderlect Theory, what conversational style is attributed to women?
Support
What do women in Western societies focus on in conversation, based on Tannen's research?
Negotiating strategies and building relationships
What has recent studies shown regarding the expected differences in language use between men and women?
Less degree of difference than expected
What is one of the criticisms of teenagers' language according to the text?
Teenagers have a limited lexis compared to previous generations.
Which aspect of teenage language does the digital age emphasize the most?
Instantaneous transfer of information
How do teenagers primarily contribute to language innovation?
By adopting popular culture and creating new language styles.
What are some popular methods of social networking among teenagers as mentioned in the text?
Facebook and Instagram
Why is understanding teenage language challenging for those outside their group?
Teenagers may be using unclear or incomprehensible language.
How has the internet influenced teenagers' language styles?
It has expanded the variety of language styles available to teenagers.
What is one of the main differences between teenage language acquisition and adult language usage according to the text?
Teenagers learn to adapt and use language in various situations, while adults use language solely for communication.
How does teenage slang differ from traditional language forms based on the text?
Teenage slang is lively and constantly evolving, while traditional language forms remain static.
In the context of gender and language, what does the text suggest about the historical treatment of women’s educational and career prospects compared to men's?
Women have historically faced more restrictions on their educational and career prospects than men.
What does the text suggest about the common stereotypes regarding male and female conversational styles?
Men are perceived to engage in lightweight discourse and gossip, whereas women handle serious matters in debate.
What contrasts are highlighted in the text regarding the language used to describe males and females?
'Actor' for males vs. 'Actress' for females; 'Mankind' as norm; The use of 'he' for both genders
How does the text describe the ability of teenagers in terms of code-switching between different language styles?
The majority of teenagers successfully code switch between different language styles.
What does the text imply about the role of jargon and colloquial phrasing in teenage language usage?
The use of jargon and colloquial phrasing sometimes results in bad or abusive language among teenagers.
What are some challenges faced by teenagers who do not engage in code-switching between different language styles?
They are perceived as inarticulate and become the object of negative media attention.
How does teenage slang differ from other forms of rapidly changing language according to the text?
Teenage slang is constantly evolving based on social trends, unlike other forms that remain static.
What role does digital communication play in the development of teenage slang according to the text?
Digital communication allows teenagers to create their own lexis within online communities.
What type of conversational world does Deborah Tannen associate with men in Western societies?
Independence and information
In the context of Tannen's research, what conversational practice are men often associated with?
Assertiveness without avoiding conflict
According to the Genderlect Theory, what is a distinguishing feature of women's conversational style?
Support and understanding
What does Tannen suggest is the primary focus of women's conversation in Western societies?
Building cooperative relationships and negotiating
Which theory recommends that studies about women should be approached from the perspective of women's distinct knowledge?
Standpoint Theory
According to the Muted Group Theory, which group in society is typically silenced due to lack of power?
Women
What is a common characteristic attributed to men's conversational language according to Tannen's findings?
Status and independence
In terms of communication, what might be a concern in mixed communities where male dominance is perceived?
'Muted' group dynamics
'Orders vs proposals' is a contrasting language world mentioned by Tannen. What does this contrast represent?
'Male' vs 'Female'
What does research reveal about the conversation style of men compared to women in computer-mediated communication?
Men are more aggressive users of language than women.
What is one characteristic of men's language usage, as mentioned in the text?
Men are less likely to give supportive feedback like 'really' and 'yeah'.
What conversational feature is characteristic of women's language use, based on the text?
Women tend to be conversationally more cooperative.
In the context of gender styles in conversation, what did Robin Lakoff identify in women's conversation?
Politeness strategies like 'please' and 'thanks' are used more often by women.
What did Deborah Tannen's research suggest about men's conversation style?
Men talk more about themselves in conversations compared to women.
What contrast is highlighted between men and women in the use of expletives in conversations?
Men and women use expletives equally often in conversations.
Based on the text, which gender is more likely to discuss weighty and important matters when women are present?
Men
Explore the ongoing debate surrounding gender dominance and the benefits of single-sex education in educational institutions. Discover how some schools experiment with separating curriculum subjects by gender and how stereotypes of male dominance are perceived in modern societies.
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