Gender and Development Overview

The Evolution Of Gender And Development

• In 2011, women won 18.4% of elected positions.
• One in 25 individuals experienced forced sex in their first sexual encounter.
• 16% of women have initiated violence against their husbands.
• 15,969 cases of rape, threats and harassment were filed by women at the PNP in 2012.
• Women’s rights have been advocated for globally.

Gender and Development: Key Concepts

• WID is about integrating women into economic, political, and social growth.
• WAD focuses on women’s participation in development processes, aiming to ensure their equal access to resources and decision-making.
• GAD emphasizes gender equality in development programs and projects.

History of Gender and Development

• WID came into use in the early 1970s.
• Ester Boserup identified the sexual division of labor in agrarian economies, influencing WID's development.
• WID aims to improve women's access to resources, participation, and empowerment through income-generating projects.

CHMSU & Gender & Development

• Carlos Hilado Memorial State University (CHMSU) has a dedicated GAD office to address gender-related concerns and issues.
• Dr. Norberto P. Mangulaban, Dr. Elvie S. Samson, and Ms. Rose F. Regala serve as key figures in CHMSU's GAD initiatives for students, faculty, and personnel.
• There are GAD coordinators in various CHMSU branches, including:
  • Binalbagan
  • Talisay
  • Fortune Towne
  • Aliji.

In-text Question:

• WID focuses on integrating women into development.
• WAD aims to ensure women's equal access to resources and decision-making in development processes.
• GAD promotes gender equality in development projects and programs.

Gender and Environment

• Gender and Environment - Women and men have different roles and benefits in resource management.
• Gender mainstreaming aims for equal access to natural resources and decision-making for both genders, benefiting both women and men.

Five Areas of Gender & Environment

• Women and men have distinct roles in water resources management.
• Women often play primary roles in household water use, subsistence agriculture, health, and sanitation.
• Gender mainstreaming in water management aims for equal representation in decision-making and policy instruments.

Climate Change Adaptation

• Climate change adaptation refers to adjusting to climate change impacts and its effects. It involves mitigating harm and exploiting beneficial opportunities.
• Examples include protecting coastal communities with vegetation and dams, adapting to soil erosion with resilient crops, and managing unavoidable changes.

Mitigation

• Mitigation refers to human interventions that reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs).
• Goals include reducing GHG emissions.
• It encompasses two categories:
  • GHG emission reduction
  • Carbon capture, fixing, and sequestration

Examples of Mitigation

• Reforestation: Replanting trees to absorb carbon from the atmosphere.
• Improved agricultural practices include:
  • Zero-till farming
  • Increased crop yields
  • Reduced fertilizer overuse
  • Reduced soil disturbances
  • Improved irrigation.

Climate Change Impacts on Women

• Women are disproportionately affected by climate change, often having less capacity to adapt due to limited resources and economic security.
• Their responsibility for family food and energy security makes them more vulnerable.

Benefits of Integrating Gender in Climate Change Adaptation

• More effective: Identifies all target groups and stakeholders.
• More efficient: Achieves better outputs with allocated resources.
• More equitable: Addresses and reduces inequalities.
• More sustainable: Fosters long-term development.

Climate Change Act in the Philippines & National Framework Strategy on Climate Change

• The Climate Change Act of 2010 (RA 9729) provides a policy framework for addressing climate change threats.
• The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (2010-2022) outlines the roadmap for climate change resilience and is implemented locally by LGUs.
• Aiming to build Ecotowns, a key approach to climate change adaptation, emphasizes sustainable environmental and economic development at the local level.