Gender and Authority in the Workplace

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Questions and Answers

What do women who minimize their feminine associations and engage in compensatory gendered practices assume?

Equal positions

No positions

Dominant positions (correct)

Submissive positions

Why do professional skills not always convey authority and competency for women?

Discrimination in the workplace

Lack of experience

Lack of education

Masculine traits are more valued (correct)

What characteristics do women who excel in their careers often possess?

Low self-efficacy and a career identity

High self-efficacy and a family identity

Low self-efficacy and a family identity

High self-efficacy and a career identity (correct)

What do gender stereotypes refer to?

The beliefs people hold about men and women Signup and view all the answers

How do women's career aspirations and achievements compare to men's?

They are becoming more similar Signup and view all the answers

According to research, why do stereotypical descriptions of men and women emerge?

From repeated observations of genders engaging in different social roles Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis regarding masculinity, femininity, and labor market outcomes for women?

Masculine personality traits generate better labor market outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common stereotype about women?

They are more caring, compassionate, and empathetic Signup and view all the answers

What do feminine personality traits in women encompass?

Characteristics that reduce opportunities for entering an occupation, career advancement and wage increases Signup and view all the answers

What do men perceive women with masculine personality traits to be interested in?

Hiking and chess Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of women who excel in their careers?

High desire to succeed and provide leadership Signup and view all the answers

What is a common stereotype about men?

They are the stronger sex Signup and view all the answers

How do women view themselves in terms of leadership qualities?

As possessing qualities associated with strong leadership Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of including gender-stereotypical hobbies in the applications?

To examine the impact of gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

How were the applications distributed?

Evenly between the two applications Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of enquiries comprised women with masculine personality traits?

One-half Signup and view all the answers

What is the net difference in favor of women with masculine personality traits?

25.1 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview to a position in the social services field for women with masculine personality traits?

28.2 percent Signup and view all the answers

In which sector do women with masculine personality traits experience a 24.6 percent greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview?

Business Signup and view all the answers

What is the average annual wage for women with feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?

£26,148 Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in average annual wages between women with masculine and feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?

£1,112.8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the p-value for the difference in occupational access between male- and female-dominated occupations?

0.29 Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal where Vongas and Al Hajj published their research on empathy and women's leadership?

Frontiers in Psychology Signup and view all the answers

Who published a research on the psychological barriers to women's progress in management?

Schein, V.E. Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the research published by Prentice and Carranza in 2002?

The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal where Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer published their research on the international gender wage gap?

Journal of Economic Surveys Signup and view all the answers

Who published a research on the labor market consequences of poor attitude and low self-esteem in youth?

Waddel, G.R. Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the research published by Lajunen and T in 2005?

Masculinity, femininity, and the BEM sex role inventory in Turkey Signup and view all the answers

Who published a research on backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations?

Rudman, L.A. Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal where Wayne and Cordeiro published their research on who is a good organizational citizen?

Sex Roles Signup and view all the answers

What is the null hypothesis according to the table?

Both applicants are treated unfavorably equally often Signup and view all the answers

How many business jobs were invited in total?

138 Signup and view all the answers

What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the social services occupation?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean salary for women with masculine personality traits in business jobs?

29172.4 Signup and view all the answers

How many education jobs were invited for women with feminine personality traits?

15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the total occupation?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean salary for women with feminine personality traits in social services?

24600.1 Signup and view all the answers

How many total jobs were invited for women with masculine personality traits?

212 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Women and Labor Market Outcomes

Women with masculine personality traits are more likely to be successful in their careers, as they exhibit stronger leadership skills and a greater desire to succeed.
Women with feminine personality traits may face limitations in their career advancement, as they are often stereotyped as being more caring and compassionate.
Masculine personality traits in women can generate better labor market outcomes, including higher salaries and more job opportunities.

Gender Stereotyping

People tend to stereotype men and women based on their gender, with men being viewed as stronger and more dominant, and women being seen as more caring and nurturing.
Gender stereotyping continues to prevail, affecting gender evaluations and opportunities in the labor market.
Women with masculine personality traits are often seen as more competent and capable, while those with feminine personality traits are viewed as more caring and compassionate.

Study Results

A study found that women with masculine personality traits are more likely to receive job invitations and higher salaries, with a net difference of 25.1% compared to those with feminine personality traits.
Women with masculine personality traits are more likely to be shortlisted for more highly paid positions, with an average annual salary of £27,260.8 compared to £26,148 for those with feminine personality traits.
The study found that the difference in labor market outcomes between women with masculine and feminine personality traits is statistically significant.

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Description

This quiz explores how women can convey authority and competency in the workplace, and the role of masculine traits in professional success. It discusses the relationship between gender and professional skills, and how women can assume dominant positions.