Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do women who minimize their feminine associations and engage in compensatory gendered practices assume?
What do women who minimize their feminine associations and engage in compensatory gendered practices assume?
- Equal positions
- No positions
- Dominant positions (correct)
- Submissive positions
Why do professional skills not always convey authority and competency for women?
Why do professional skills not always convey authority and competency for women?
- Discrimination in the workplace
- Lack of experience
- Lack of education
- Masculine traits are more valued (correct)
What characteristics do women who excel in their careers often possess?
What characteristics do women who excel in their careers often possess?
- Low self-efficacy and a career identity
- High self-efficacy and a family identity
- Low self-efficacy and a family identity
- High self-efficacy and a career identity (correct)
What do gender stereotypes refer to?
What do gender stereotypes refer to?
How do women's career aspirations and achievements compare to men's?
How do women's career aspirations and achievements compare to men's?
According to research, why do stereotypical descriptions of men and women emerge?
According to research, why do stereotypical descriptions of men and women emerge?
What is a hypothesis regarding masculinity, femininity, and labor market outcomes for women?
What is a hypothesis regarding masculinity, femininity, and labor market outcomes for women?
What is a common stereotype about women?
What is a common stereotype about women?
What do feminine personality traits in women encompass?
What do feminine personality traits in women encompass?
What do men perceive women with masculine personality traits to be interested in?
What do men perceive women with masculine personality traits to be interested in?
What is a common trait of women who excel in their careers?
What is a common trait of women who excel in their careers?
What is a common stereotype about men?
What is a common stereotype about men?
How do women view themselves in terms of leadership qualities?
How do women view themselves in terms of leadership qualities?
What was the purpose of including gender-stereotypical hobbies in the applications?
What was the purpose of including gender-stereotypical hobbies in the applications?
How were the applications distributed?
How were the applications distributed?
What proportion of enquiries comprised women with masculine personality traits?
What proportion of enquiries comprised women with masculine personality traits?
What is the net difference in favor of women with masculine personality traits?
What is the net difference in favor of women with masculine personality traits?
What is the percentage greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview to a position in the social services field for women with masculine personality traits?
What is the percentage greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview to a position in the social services field for women with masculine personality traits?
In which sector do women with masculine personality traits experience a 24.6 percent greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview?
In which sector do women with masculine personality traits experience a 24.6 percent greater likelihood of receiving an invitation for interview?
What is the average annual wage for women with feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?
What is the average annual wage for women with feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?
What is the difference in average annual wages between women with masculine and feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?
What is the difference in average annual wages between women with masculine and feminine personality traits shortlisted for interview?
What is the p-value for the difference in occupational access between male- and female-dominated occupations?
What is the p-value for the difference in occupational access between male- and female-dominated occupations?
What is the title of the journal where Vongas and Al Hajj published their research on empathy and women's leadership?
What is the title of the journal where Vongas and Al Hajj published their research on empathy and women's leadership?
Who published a research on the psychological barriers to women's progress in management?
Who published a research on the psychological barriers to women's progress in management?
What is the topic of the research published by Prentice and Carranza in 2002?
What is the topic of the research published by Prentice and Carranza in 2002?
What is the title of the journal where Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer published their research on the international gender wage gap?
What is the title of the journal where Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer published their research on the international gender wage gap?
Who published a research on the labor market consequences of poor attitude and low self-esteem in youth?
Who published a research on the labor market consequences of poor attitude and low self-esteem in youth?
What is the topic of the research published by Lajunen and T in 2005?
What is the topic of the research published by Lajunen and T in 2005?
Who published a research on backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations?
Who published a research on backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations?
What is the title of the journal where Wayne and Cordeiro published their research on who is a good organizational citizen?
What is the title of the journal where Wayne and Cordeiro published their research on who is a good organizational citizen?
What is the null hypothesis according to the table?
What is the null hypothesis according to the table?
How many business jobs were invited in total?
How many business jobs were invited in total?
What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the social services occupation?
What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the social services occupation?
What is the mean salary for women with masculine personality traits in business jobs?
What is the mean salary for women with masculine personality traits in business jobs?
How many education jobs were invited for women with feminine personality traits?
How many education jobs were invited for women with feminine personality traits?
What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the total occupation?
What is the statistical significance of the difference in jobs invited for women with masculine personality traits and women with feminine personality traits in the total occupation?
What is the mean salary for women with feminine personality traits in social services?
What is the mean salary for women with feminine personality traits in social services?
How many total jobs were invited for women with masculine personality traits?
How many total jobs were invited for women with masculine personality traits?
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Study Notes
Women and Labor Market Outcomes
- Women with masculine personality traits are more likely to be successful in their careers, as they exhibit stronger leadership skills and a greater desire to succeed.
- Women with feminine personality traits may face limitations in their career advancement, as they are often stereotyped as being more caring and compassionate.
- Masculine personality traits in women can generate better labor market outcomes, including higher salaries and more job opportunities.
Gender Stereotyping
- People tend to stereotype men and women based on their gender, with men being viewed as stronger and more dominant, and women being seen as more caring and nurturing.
- Gender stereotyping continues to prevail, affecting gender evaluations and opportunities in the labor market.
- Women with masculine personality traits are often seen as more competent and capable, while those with feminine personality traits are viewed as more caring and compassionate.
Study Results
- A study found that women with masculine personality traits are more likely to receive job invitations and higher salaries, with a net difference of 25.1% compared to those with feminine personality traits.
- Women with masculine personality traits are more likely to be shortlisted for more highly paid positions, with an average annual salary of £27,260.8 compared to £26,148 for those with feminine personality traits.
- The study found that the difference in labor market outcomes between women with masculine and feminine personality traits is statistically significant.
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