Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a carcinogen? (Select all that apply)
_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer.
fat
One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells ______.
continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together
Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently?
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What could researchers conclude right away about a cultured cell line that did not exhibit density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence?
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For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
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What is true of all cancers?
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Prior to this new technique, how were mice given cancerous tumors?
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What do you do when a patient presents with advanced prostate cancer and you follow standard protocol?
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What is true when a patient has an unusually large level of dihydrotestosterone?
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Which of the following is true regarding prostate cancer cells?
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Which of the following indicates improvement in your uncle's prostate cancer condition?
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Women with the BRCA gene are at high risk for having aggressive types of breast and ovarian cancer.
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Women with certain mutated versions of the BRCA genes are at high risk for having aggressive types of breast and ovarian cancer.
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Everyone has the BRCA gene, even men.
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Genetic tests determine if you do or don't have the BRCA gene.
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Genetic tests determine what version of the BRCA gene you have.
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The normal version of the BRCA gene causes breast cancer.
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Study Notes
Carcinogens and Cancer Cells
- Carcinogens include substances like UV light, cigarette smoke, fat, and testosterone; all of these are linked to cancer.
- Fat is specifically identified as a carcinogen promoting colon cancer.
- Cancer cells differ from normal cells as they continue to divide even when densely packed.
Cell Division and Specialized Cells
- Neurons and specialized cells divide infrequently because they enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle, indicating a quiescent state.
- Cell lines that do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence show characteristics of tumors.
Chemotherapy and Cancer Treatment
- Effective chemotherapeutic drugs target rapidly dividing cells to combat cancer.
- All cancers share a commonality in that they have escaped normal cell cycle controls.
Tumor Induction and Cancer Management
- Tumors in mice were previously implanted under the skin for cancer studies.
- In treating advanced prostate cancer, standard protocol involves chemical castration.
Hormonal Influence and Cancer Resistance
- High levels of dihydrotestosterone in prostate cancer patients suggest that their condition has become resistant to standard treatments.
- Prostate cancer cells possess the ability to both activate and inactivate specific genes.
Monitoring and Genetic Risks
- Improvement in prostate cancer is indicated by a decreasing PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) level.
- All individuals carry the BRCA gene, including men, but only certain mutated versions of this gene increase the risk of aggressive breast and ovarian cancers.
- Genetic tests do not confirm the presence of the BRCA gene but can identify the version of the BRCA gene present. The normal BRCA gene does not cause breast cancer.
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Description
Test your knowledge of carcinogens and cancer cell characteristics with these flashcards from General Biology 1. Each card presents a question that will help reinforce your understanding of the material covered in class.
