Gel Properties and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical percentage of finely dispersed solids in pastes?

  • Up to 20%
  • Up to 50% (correct)
  • Up to 90%
  • Up to 70%

What is the primary function of pastes in dermatological applications?

  • To provide occlusion
  • To serve as a protective coating (correct)
  • To treat skin neoplasms
  • To absorb secretions

What type of paste is Triamcinolone acetonide dental paste?

  • Aqueous paste (correct)
  • Fatty paste
  • Aqueous gel
  • Hydrocarbon base

What is the purpose of adding antioxidants to pastes?

<p>To improve stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of preservatives in pastes?

<p>To prevent microbial growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commonly used excipient in pastes?

<p>Polydimethylsiloxane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a hydrocarbon base in pastes?

<p>To provide a soft, glossy base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fusion method used for in paste preparation?

<p>To melt the base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Carbopol 980 in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>Gelling agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of EDTA in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>Stabilizer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>Surfactant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of hydrogels?

<p>Water-swollen structures composed of mainly hydrophilic polymers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a gel takes up water (or solvent) and increases in volume?

<p>Swelling or Imbibition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of swelling or imbibition in gels?

<p>Syneresis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG)?

<p>Lecithin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thixotropy in the context of gels?

<p>The property of some gels that turn into a sol on shaking and reset to the gel on standing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Gelling agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of EDTA sodium in Adapalene gel?

<p>Chelating agent/Stabilizer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which excipient is responsible for controlling the pH of Adapalene gel?

<p>Sodium hydroxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?

<p>Cosolvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which excipient is responsible for preventing microbial growth in Adapalene gel?

<p>Methylparaben (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Surfactant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which excipient is responsible for helping to create a consistent gel texture in Adapalene gel?

<p>Carbopol 980 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Purified water in Adapalene gel?

<p>Solvent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bentonite or kaolin-based gels?

<p>Formation of a lamellar structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of xerogels?

<p>Film formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor to consider when choosing a topical preparation?

<p>The type of lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of an occlusive vehicle on the active ingredient?

<p>Enhanced penetration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of stimulus that can cause a drastic change in the properties of smart hydrogels?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of xerogels?

<p>High porosity and high surface area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean the affected area before applying a topical agent?

<p>To remove dirt and debris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a patient counseling point for topical agents?

<p>Wash hands before and after use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Gelling agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gel is Adapalene gel classified as?

<p>Hydrogel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of EDTA in Adapalene gel?

<p>Stabilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Methylparaben in Adapalene gel?

<p>Preservation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Solubilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow behavior is exhibited by inorganic gels?

<p>Pseudoplastic flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?

<p>Solvent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid in Adapalene gel?

<p>pH adjustment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Gelling agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which excipient is responsible for preventing microbial growth in Adapalene gel?

<p>Methylparaben (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of EDTA sodium in Adapalene gel?

<p>Chelating agent/Stabilizer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Surfactant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid in Adapalene gel?

<p>pH adjusters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?

<p>Cosolvent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Purified water in Adapalene gel?

<p>Solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Carbopol 980, EDTA sodium, and Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?

<p>Gelling agent, Chelating agent/Stabilizer, and Surfactant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gelling agents in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To create a three-dimensional network and restrict the movement of particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following excipients is a chelating agent?

<p>EDTA sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of surfactants in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To reduce the surface tension of the formulation and improve its spreadability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of preservatives in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To prevent microbial growth in the formulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?

<p>To create a three-dimensional network and restrict the movement of particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following excipients is a preservative?

<p>Methylparaben (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?

<p>To reduce the surface tension of the formulation and improve its spreadability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of EDTA in Adapalene gel?

<p>To chelate metal ions and prevent the degradation of active ingredients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a hydrocarbon base in pastes?

<p>To provide a protective coating and absorb secretions from oozing lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of base used in pastes?

<p>Liposome base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antioxidants in pastes?

<p>To prevent oxidation and spoilage of the paste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding preservatives to pastes?

<p>To prevent microbial growth and spoilage of the paste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of emulsifying ointment in pastes?

<p>To facilitate the mixing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic ingredients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of polydimethylsiloxane (liquid silicone) in pastes?

<p>To act as an additional hydrophobic solvent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commonly used excipient in pastes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of petrolatum in zinc oxide paste?

<p>To act as an additional hydrophobic solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a chelating agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To prevent the degradation of the active ingredient by metal ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To reduce the surface tension of the formulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a gelling agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To create a consistent gel texture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a preservative in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To prevent the growth of microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cosolvent in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To enhance the solubility of the active ingredient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a solvent in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To dissolve the active ingredient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inorganic particles like bentonite or kaolin in gels?

<p>To create a lamellar structure that can be extensively hydrated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a pH adjuster in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To adjust the pH of the formulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an occlusive vehicle on the active ingredient?

<p>It enhances the penetration of the active ingredient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a gelling agent in hydrogels?

<p>To create a cross-linked polymer network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of xerogels that makes them useful?

<p>High surface area and porosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stimulus can cause a drastic change in the properties of smart hydrogels?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a chelating agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To remove metal ions that can affect the stability of the formulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation?

<p>To enhance the solubility of the active ingredient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when choosing a topical preparation?

<p>The type of vehicle used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean and dry the affected area before applying a topical agent?

<p>To remove dirt and debris that may affect the absorption of the topical agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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