80 Questions
What is the typical percentage of finely dispersed solids in pastes?
Up to 50%
What is the primary function of pastes in dermatological applications?
To serve as a protective coating
What type of paste is Triamcinolone acetonide dental paste?
Aqueous paste
What is the purpose of adding antioxidants to pastes?
To improve stability
What is the role of preservatives in pastes?
To prevent microbial growth
Which of the following is a commonly used excipient in pastes?
Polydimethylsiloxane
What is the purpose of using a hydrocarbon base in pastes?
To provide a soft, glossy base
What is the fusion method used for in paste preparation?
To melt the base
What is the function of Carbopol 980 in a pharmaceutical formulation?
Gelling agent
What is the purpose of EDTA in a pharmaceutical formulation?
Stabilizer
What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in a pharmaceutical formulation?
Surfactant
What is the main characteristic of hydrogels?
Water-swollen structures composed of mainly hydrophilic polymers
What is the process by which a gel takes up water (or solvent) and increases in volume?
Swelling or Imbibition
What is the opposite of swelling or imbibition in gels?
Syneresis
What is an example of a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG)?
Lecithin
What is thixotropy in the context of gels?
The property of some gels that turn into a sol on shaking and reset to the gel on standing
What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?
Gelling agent
What is the role of EDTA sodium in Adapalene gel?
Chelating agent/Stabilizer
Which excipient is responsible for controlling the pH of Adapalene gel?
Sodium hydroxide
What is the primary function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?
Cosolvent
Which excipient is responsible for preventing microbial growth in Adapalene gel?
Methylparaben
What is the role of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?
Surfactant
Which excipient is responsible for helping to create a consistent gel texture in Adapalene gel?
Carbopol 980
What is the primary function of Purified water in Adapalene gel?
Solvent
What is a characteristic of bentonite or kaolin-based gels?
Formation of a lamellar structure
What is a common application of xerogels?
Film formation
What is a factor to consider when choosing a topical preparation?
The type of lesion
What is a potential effect of an occlusive vehicle on the active ingredient?
Enhanced penetration
What is a type of stimulus that can cause a drastic change in the properties of smart hydrogels?
All of the above
What is a common characteristic of xerogels?
High porosity and high surface area
Why is it important to clean the affected area before applying a topical agent?
To remove dirt and debris
What is a patient counseling point for topical agents?
Wash hands before and after use
What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?
Gelling agent
Which type of gel is Adapalene gel classified as?
Hydrogel
What is the function of EDTA in Adapalene gel?
Stabilization
What is the primary function of Methylparaben in Adapalene gel?
Preservation
What is the purpose of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?
Solubilization
What type of flow behavior is exhibited by inorganic gels?
Pseudoplastic flow
What is the function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?
Solvent
What is the purpose of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid in Adapalene gel?
pH adjustment
What is the primary function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?
Gelling agent
Which excipient is responsible for preventing microbial growth in Adapalene gel?
Methylparaben
What is the primary function of EDTA sodium in Adapalene gel?
Chelating agent/Stabilizer
What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?
Surfactant
What is the primary function of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid in Adapalene gel?
pH adjusters
What is the primary function of Propylene glycol in Adapalene gel?
Cosolvent
What is the primary function of Purified water in Adapalene gel?
Solvent
What is the role of Carbopol 980, EDTA sodium, and Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?
Gelling agent, Chelating agent/Stabilizer, and Surfactant
What is the primary function of gelling agents in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To create a three-dimensional network and restrict the movement of particles
Which of the following excipients is a chelating agent?
EDTA sodium
What is the primary function of surfactants in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To reduce the surface tension of the formulation and improve its spreadability
What is the primary function of preservatives in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To prevent microbial growth in the formulation
What is the function of Carbopol 980 in Adapalene gel?
To create a three-dimensional network and restrict the movement of particles
Which of the following excipients is a preservative?
Methylparaben
What is the primary function of Poloxamer 124 in Adapalene gel?
To reduce the surface tension of the formulation and improve its spreadability
What is the function of EDTA in Adapalene gel?
To chelate metal ions and prevent the degradation of active ingredients
What is the primary function of a hydrocarbon base in pastes?
To provide a protective coating and absorb secretions from oozing lesions
Which of the following is not a type of base used in pastes?
Liposome base
What is the role of antioxidants in pastes?
To prevent oxidation and spoilage of the paste
What is the purpose of adding preservatives to pastes?
To prevent microbial growth and spoilage of the paste
What is the role of emulsifying ointment in pastes?
To facilitate the mixing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic ingredients
What is the primary function of polydimethylsiloxane (liquid silicone) in pastes?
To act as an additional hydrophobic solvent
Which of the following is a commonly used excipient in pastes?
All of the above
What is the function of petrolatum in zinc oxide paste?
To act as an additional hydrophobic solvent
What is the primary function of a chelating agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To prevent the degradation of the active ingredient by metal ions
What is the primary function of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To reduce the surface tension of the formulation
What is the primary function of a gelling agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To create a consistent gel texture
What is the primary function of a preservative in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To prevent the growth of microorganisms
What is the primary function of a cosolvent in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To enhance the solubility of the active ingredient
What is the primary function of a solvent in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To dissolve the active ingredient
What is the primary function of inorganic particles like bentonite or kaolin in gels?
To create a lamellar structure that can be extensively hydrated
What is the primary function of a pH adjuster in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To adjust the pH of the formulation
What is the effect of an occlusive vehicle on the active ingredient?
It enhances the penetration of the active ingredient
What is the primary function of a gelling agent in hydrogels?
To create a cross-linked polymer network
What is the characteristic of xerogels that makes them useful?
High surface area and porosity
What type of stimulus can cause a drastic change in the properties of smart hydrogels?
All of the above
What is the role of a chelating agent in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To remove metal ions that can affect the stability of the formulation
What is the primary function of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation?
To enhance the solubility of the active ingredient
What is an important factor to consider when choosing a topical preparation?
The type of vehicle used
Why is it important to clean and dry the affected area before applying a topical agent?
To remove dirt and debris that may affect the absorption of the topical agent
This quiz covers the properties and characteristics of gels, including structure, stimuli-responsive gels, and smart hydrogels. It also explores the effects of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength on gel properties.
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