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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of history?
The study of the past, often associated with requiring memorization of dates, names, and places.
Which of the following schools of thought emphasizes empirical and observable evidence?
Can a historian be biased?
True
What are primary sources?
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What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?
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What is external criticism?
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What is internal criticism?
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What is the Greek word for history?
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What is the emphasis common to both Greek and Latin definitions of history?
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What term refers to the understanding of how history is written?
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Positivism requires empirical and observable evidence before claiming knowledge is true.
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What does postcolonialism focus on in historical studies?
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Can a historian be biased?
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What is a primary source?
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What are secondary sources?
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What are the two types of criticism historians must perform on sources?
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What does external criticism examine?
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What does internal criticism investigate?
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Study Notes
Definition of History
- History is often viewed as dull due to the memorization of dates and facts.
- Derived from the Greek word “historia,” meaning knowledge gained through inquiry or investigation.
- As a discipline, history has existed for approximately 2,400 years, alongside Mathematics and Philosophy.
- Latin definition emphasizes that history involves accounts of the past through written documents and evidence.
- Both Greek and Latin definitions stress the importance of Sources, Documents, and Evidence.
Issues in History
- Historiography explores who history is written for and the understanding of historical writing methods.
- Important factors in historiography include the context of the time, sources used, and historical methodology.
Schools of Thought in History
- Positivism: Originated in the 18th to 19th century, emphasizes the need for empirical and observable evidence. It upholds the belief that "no document, no history."
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Postcolonialism: Emerged post-colonialism, focusing on creating a national identity. It seeks to:
- Highlight nations' histories that reflect their identity independent of colonial influences.
- Critique the effects and methods of colonialism.
History and the Historian
- Historians are tasked with interpreting historical facts and evidences, rather than merely presenting them.
- "Facts cannot speak for themselves," necessitating the historian's role in assigning meaning.
- Historical Methodology is employed to ensure factuality and minimize bias in historical interpretation.
Categories of Historical Sources
- Primary Sources: Created during the time of the event being studied; examples include the Philippine Constitution, letters, eyewitness accounts, artifacts, government records, and photographs.
- Secondary Sources: Created by authors who analyze and interpret primary sources; examples include textbooks, journal articles, and online materials.
Scrutiny of Historical Sources
- Both types of sources must undergo scrutiny to ascertain the truth and provide context.
- External Criticism: Involves examining the physical characteristics of a source to verify its authenticity, such as paper and ink quality.
- Internal Criticism: Focuses on the source's credibility, including the author's background, the context during its creation, and potential biases.
Case Study: Code of Kalantiaw
- An example illustrating the application of external and internal criticism in assessing historical sources.
Definition of History
- History is often viewed as dull due to the memorization of dates and facts.
- Derived from the Greek word “historia,” meaning knowledge gained through inquiry or investigation.
- As a discipline, history has existed for approximately 2,400 years, alongside Mathematics and Philosophy.
- Latin definition emphasizes that history involves accounts of the past through written documents and evidence.
- Both Greek and Latin definitions stress the importance of Sources, Documents, and Evidence.
Issues in History
- Historiography explores who history is written for and the understanding of historical writing methods.
- Important factors in historiography include the context of the time, sources used, and historical methodology.
Schools of Thought in History
- Positivism: Originated in the 18th to 19th century, emphasizes the need for empirical and observable evidence. It upholds the belief that "no document, no history."
-
Postcolonialism: Emerged post-colonialism, focusing on creating a national identity. It seeks to:
- Highlight nations' histories that reflect their identity independent of colonial influences.
- Critique the effects and methods of colonialism.
History and the Historian
- Historians are tasked with interpreting historical facts and evidences, rather than merely presenting them.
- "Facts cannot speak for themselves," necessitating the historian's role in assigning meaning.
- Historical Methodology is employed to ensure factuality and minimize bias in historical interpretation.
Categories of Historical Sources
- Primary Sources: Created during the time of the event being studied; examples include the Philippine Constitution, letters, eyewitness accounts, artifacts, government records, and photographs.
- Secondary Sources: Created by authors who analyze and interpret primary sources; examples include textbooks, journal articles, and online materials.
Scrutiny of Historical Sources
- Both types of sources must undergo scrutiny to ascertain the truth and provide context.
- External Criticism: Involves examining the physical characteristics of a source to verify its authenticity, such as paper and ink quality.
- Internal Criticism: Focuses on the source's credibility, including the author's background, the context during its creation, and potential biases.
Case Study: Code of Kalantiaw
- An example illustrating the application of external and internal criticism in assessing historical sources.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of history, including its definition, issues, sources, and methodology. Understand the significance of studying history beyond mere memorization of facts and appreciate its relevance in modern times.
