CH 16: Chemical equilibrium and factors affecting equilibrium
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Questions and Answers

What type of systems allow the exchange of both matter and energy with the surroundings?

  • Reversible systems
  • Open systems (correct)
  • Isolated systems
  • Closed systems

    • Which symbol indicates a reversible reaction?

  • →
  • ⇒
  • ⇐
  • ⇌ (correct)

    • In a closed system, which of the following can be exchanged with the surroundings?

  • Energy (correct)
  • Nothing
  • Matter
  • Both Matter and Energy

    • Which type of system allows no exchange of matter or energy with the surroundings?

    <p>Isolated system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the double-headed arrow (⇌) in chemical reactions?

    <p>It symbolizes a reversible reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system involves a boiling pot of water without a lid?

    <p>Open system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to steam in an open system like a boiling pot of water?

    <p>It escapes into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the synthesis and decomposition of ammonia?

    <p>Reversible reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flask containing a chemical reaction allows only transfer of energy but not matter with its surroundings?

    <p>A sealed flask with no reaction inside it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a reversible reaction when products react together?

    <p>They regenerate the original reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a state of balance in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction?

    <p>Dynamic equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves reactants and products in different phases?

    <p>Heterogeneous reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing pressure affect the position of equilibrium for gases?

    <p>Shifts toward the side with fewer gas molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Le Châtelier's principle state about dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>The system will counteract the disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field benefits from understanding chemical equilibrium in processes like ammonia synthesis?

    <p>Chemical engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Equilibrium constant (K_eq)' is a measure expressed as a ratio of which concentrations?

    <p>Products to reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ammonia synthesis, what conditions are used to shift the equilibrium towards ammonia formation?

    <p>High pressure and moderate temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Equilibrium concepts are integral to environmental processes' refers to which example in the text?

    <p>Dissolution of gases in oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction favors the endothermic process when the temperature is raised?

    <p>Endothermic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding chemical equilibrium important in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>To maximize yield of products in synthesis processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the position of chemical equilibrium by shifting it towards the side with fewer gas molecules?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a heterogeneous reaction, what occurs?

    <p>Reactants and products exist in different phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Haber process in relation to ammonia synthesis?

    <p>To maximize product yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that a dynamic equilibrium responds to disturbances by counteracting them to re-establish equilibrium?

    <p>Le Châtelier's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure quantitatively expresses a reaction at equilibrium as a ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations?

    <p>Equilibrium constant (K_eq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of reaction does raising the temperature favor the endothermic process?

    <p>Endothermic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of open and closed systems, what distinguishes a closed system from an open one?

    <p>A closed system permits the transfer of energy but not matter between the system and its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the equilibrium state in a reversible reaction?

    <p>The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in a dynamic equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction $2\text{N}_2(\text{g}) + 3\text{H}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(\text{g})$, what would be the effect of increasing the pressure on the equilibrium position?

    <p>The equilibrium position will shift towards the products, favoring the forward reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes a reversible reaction?

    <p>The products formed can react together to regenerate the original reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of open and closed systems, which of the following is an example of an open system?

    <p>A boiling pot of water without a lid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, what does the double-headed arrow (⇌) represent?

    <p>It represents a reversible reaction where the products can regenerate the reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about equilibrium constants (K_eq) is correct?

    <p>K_eq is a measure expressed as a ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of open and closed systems, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Closed systems allow the transfer of energy but not matter with their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors would shift the equilibrium position in the reaction $2\text{N}_2(\text{g}) + 3\text{H}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(\text{g})$ towards the formation of more ammonia?

    <p>Removing ammonia gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the concept of dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>It is a state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, with both reactions dynamically ongoing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a heterogeneous reaction, which of the following accurately describes the phases involved?

    <p>The reactants and products exist in different phases, such as a solid reactant reacting with a gas or liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Le Châtelier's principle, if the concentration of a reactant is increased in a dynamic equilibrium, the system will respond by:

    <p>Shifting the equilibrium to consume the added reactants and produce more products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equilibrium constant ($K_{eq}$) for a chemical reaction is expressed as a ratio of:

    <p>The concentrations of products to reactants, each raised to the power of their respective coefficients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would shift the equilibrium position in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis towards the formation of more ammonia?

    <p>Increasing the pressure and maintaining a moderate temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples illustrates an open system in the context of chemical equilibrium?

    <p>A boiling pot of water on a stovetop without a lid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, which of the following statements is true regarding the double-headed arrow (⇌)?

    <p>It indicates that the forward and reverse reactions are occurring simultaneously and dynamically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles states that a dynamic equilibrium responds to disturbances by counteracting them to re-establish equilibrium?

    <p>Le Châtelier's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of environmental processes, which example from the text illustrates the relevance of equilibrium concepts?

    <p>The dissolution of gases in oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of the Haber process in relation to ammonia synthesis?

    <p>It is used to maximize the yield of ammonia by shifting the equilibrium position through controlled conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the equilibrium of reversible reactions from irreversible reactions?

    <p>Reversible reactions have a double-headed arrow symbol, while irreversible reactions have a single-headed arrow symbol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do open and closed systems differ in terms of matter and energy exchange with surroundings?

    <p>Open systems allow exchange of both matter and energy, while closed systems allow only matter exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, how does an increase in temperature typically affect the position of equilibrium?

    <p>An increase in temperature shifts the equilibrium towards the endothermic process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Le Châtelier's principle in the context of chemical equilibrium?

    <p>Le Châtelier's principle describes how a system at equilibrium responds to external disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in influencing the position of chemical equilibrium in reversible reactions?

    <p>Pressure changes in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when products react together in a reversible reaction?

    <p>The original reactants are regenerated from the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do reversible reactions differ from irreversible reactions in terms of reaching completion?

    <p>Reversible reactions always reach completion, while irreversible reactions may not complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a catalyst in influencing chemical equilibrium?

    <p>Catalysts speed up reversible reactions without affecting the position of equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do open systems differ from closed systems regarding heat transfer?

    <p>Open systems allow heat transfer, whereas closed systems do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing pressure have on a closed flask containing a chemical reaction?

    <p>Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium towards more reactants due to reduced space for products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes open systems from closed systems in terms of matter and energy exchange with surroundings?

    <p>Open systems allow both matter and energy exchange, whereas closed systems only allow energy exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reversible reactions, what does the double-headed arrow (⇌) symbolize?

    <p>The forward and reverse reactions are equal in rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system involves a sealed flask containing a chemical reaction, permitting only energy transfer?

    <p>Closed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when steam escapes into the atmosphere in an open system like a boiling pot of water?

    <p>Matter is released into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in influencing the position of chemical equilibrium in reversible reactions?

    <p>Temperature change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Le Châtelier's principle predict will happen when a disturbance affects a dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>The equilibrium shifts towards the disturbance to counteract it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a difference between open and closed systems?

    <p>Open systems allow matter and energy exchange, while closed systems permit only matter exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between a boiling pot of water without a lid (open system) and a sealed flask containing a chemical reaction (closed system)?

    <p>The boiling pot allows both matter and energy transfer, while the flask allows only energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do reversible reactions differ from irreversible reactions in terms of reaching equilibrium?

    <p>Reversible reactions achieve equilibrium more slowly than irreversible reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to substances entering or leaving a sealed flask containing a chemical reaction?

    <p>Substances can neither enter nor leave the flask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following best describes the concept of dynamic equilibrium?

    <p>A state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, and the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemical equilibrium, which of the following statements is correct regarding the equilibrium constant ($K_{eq}$)?

    <p>The $K_{eq}$ is a ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentrations of reactants, each raised to their respective coefficients in the balanced equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Le Chtelier's principle, if the concentration of a reactant is increased in a system at dynamic equilibrium, the system will respond by:

    <p>Increasing the concentration of the products to counteract the disturbance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions?

    <p>Homogeneous reactions involve reactants and products in the same phase, while heterogeneous reactions involve reactants and products in different phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the pressure affect the position of equilibrium for a reaction involving gases, according to Le Chtelier's principle?

    <p>Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium towards the side with fewer gas molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous reaction mentioned in the text?

    <p>A reaction between a solid reactant and a gas to produce a solution and another phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a catalyst in influencing chemical equilibrium?

    <p>Catalysts increase the rate of the forward and reverse reactions, but do not affect the position of equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors would shift the equilibrium position in the reaction $2 ext{N}_2( ext{g}) + 3 ext{H}_2( ext{g}) ightleftharpoons 2 ext{NH}_3( ext{g})$ towards the formation of more ammonia?

    <p>Increasing the pressure of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of open and closed systems, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Open systems allow the exchange of both matter and energy with the surroundings, while closed systems allow the exchange of only energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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