Gastrulation and Sponges Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the gastrula becomes skin and nervous tissue?

  • Ectoderm (correct)
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
  • Gastrula layer

    • The mesoderm develops into the digestive organs.

    False

    What does the endoderm develop into?

    Digestive organs and lining of the digestive tract

    The ________ layer of cells in the gastrula forms muscle tissue.

    <p>mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following layers of the gastrula with their respective developments:

    <p>Ectoderm = Nervous tissue and skin Endoderm = Digestive organs Mesoderm = Muscle tissue and circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure indicates the opening of the gastrula?

    <p>Gastrula opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hox genes are responsible for determining the roles of different cell types in tissue development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Hox genes affect during animal development?

    <p>Variations in the location, number, or time of expression of developmental genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feeder are sponges classified as?

    <p>Filter feeder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sponges have complex tissues and organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic that defines cnidarians.

    <p>Cnidocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sponges and cnidarians are among the first animals to evolve from a _______ ancestor.

    <p>multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Filter feeder = An organism that feeds by filtering particles from water Sessile = Organisms that do not move from one place to another Cnidocytes = Specialized cells used by cnidarians for defense and prey capture Diploid = A cell containing two sets of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about sponges?

    <p>They have no tissues or organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sponges can easily be broken apart and reformed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an organism to be sessile?

    <p>It does not move from one place to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symmetry is characteristic of cnidarians?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnidarians have body structures similar to those of sponges.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers of cells in cnidarians responsible for?

    <p>The outer layer protects the internal body, while the inner layer is mainly responsible for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnidarians contain about ______ species, most of which are marine.

    <p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cnidarians with their characteristics:

    <p>Jellyfish = Float in water and have stinging cells Sea anemone = Colorful, flower-like appearance Coral = Form reefs and provide habitat for marine life Hydra = Freshwater cnidarian known for regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the outer layer of cnidarians serve?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnidarians have three body openings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the protective measures you could take while snorkeling around a coral reef.

    <p>Wearing a bodysuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are involved in digestion, production of eggs and sperm, and excretion in sponges?

    <p>Archaeocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All sponges have spicules made of calcium carbonate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the support structures of sponges called?

    <p>spicules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges belong to the class __________.

    <p>Demospongiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of sponges is known for having a netlike skeleton that resembles spun glass?

    <p>Hexactinellida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcareous sponges have spicules made of silica.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cells in sponges that can become specialized to secrete spicules are known as __________.

    <p>archaeocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes of sponges with their characteristics:

    <p>Demospongiae = Spicules made of spongin fibers or silica Calcarea = Spicules made of calcium carbonate Hexactinellida = Spicules made of silica, forming a netlike skeleton Porifera = The phylum that includes all sponges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gemmules in freshwater sponges contain?

    <p>Sponge cells protected by spicules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges reproduce sexually.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a zygote after fertilization in sponges?

    <p>It develops into a free-swimming larva with flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sponges are ______, meaning they can produce both eggs and sperm.

    <p>hermaphrodites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sponge reproduction methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Budding = A small growth drops off to form a new sponge. Gemmulation = Formation of seedlike structures during adverse conditions. Sexual reproduction = Eggs remain within the sponge, sperm released into water. Asexual reproduction = Reproduction without the fusion of gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sperm being released into the water?

    <p>It can be carried by water currents to another sponge's collar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sponges are never at risk of being eaten due to their toxic compounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after a larva attaches to a surface?

    <p>It develops into an adult sponge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrulation and Tissue Development

    • The inner layer of the gastrula is called the endoderm
    • The endoderm cells develop into the digestive organs and the lining of the digestive tract
    • The outer layer of cells in the gastrula is called the ectoderm
    • The ectoderm cells in the gastrula continue to grow and become the nervous tissue and skin.
    • A layer of cells called the mesoderm forms between the endoderm and the ectoderm.
    • The mesoderm forms from pouches of endoderm cells on the inside of the gastrula.
    • Mesoderm cells become muscle tissue, the circulatory system, the excretory system, and in some animals, the respiratory system.

    Sponges

    • Sponges are filter feeders and have no tissues, organs, or symmetry.
    • Sponges are diverse and have three classes based on their support system:
      • Demospongiae: contains spongin fibers, silica, or both.
      • Calcarea: contains calcium carbonate spicules.
      • Hexactinellida: contains silica spicules.
    • Sponges reproduce sexually and asexually.
      • Sexual reproduction: involves sperm and eggs, and the zygote develops a flagellated larva that eventually settles and develops into an adult.
      • Asexual reproduction methods include budding and the formation of gemmules (seedlike particles containing sponge cells).
    • Predation on sponges: Sponges are food for some tropical fishes and turtles.

    Cnidarians

    • Cnidarians are marine animals with one body opening and radial symmetry.
    • They have two cell layers organized into tissues with specific functions.
    • The outer layer protects the internal body.
    • The inner layer functions in digestion.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating processes of gastrulation and the characteristics of sponges. This quiz covers the layers of the gastrula, their functions, and the unique classes of sponges. Test your knowledge about tissue development and sponge biology.

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