Gastrointestinal VP Decrease

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Which of the following is a function of enteric glia in the gastrointestinal system?

Controlling macrophage numbers

Regulating serotonin release

Maintaining gut homeostasis (correct)

Interacting with immune cells

What is the term used to describe the age-related inflammation in the enteric nervous system?

Degeneration

Neuroinflammation

Hyperexcitability

Inflammaging (correct)

Which test is used to calculate the valsalva ratio?

Deep Breathing

Valsalva Manoeuver (correct)

Resistance against expiration

Involuntary forced expiration

Which of the following is NOT a potential use of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)?

Lowering blood glucose in diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

Regulating digestive, immune, hormonal, and metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Enteric Neural Progenitor Cells (ENPCs) in the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

They drive neurogenesis in the ENS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential medical use of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) beyond epilepsy and depression?

Managing chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in treating epilepsy?

It reduces the activity of highly excitable regions and regulates the release of norepinephrine and serotonin Signup and view all the answers

For which group of individuals is Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) particularly beneficial in treating depression?

Those who have not responded to at least 4 different pharmaceutical antidepressant treatments Signup and view all the answers

Which test measures the rise in diastolic blood pressure after immersing hands or feet in cold water for 60-90 seconds?

Cold Pressor Test Signup and view all the answers

Which test allows for the assessment of autonomic regulation during a long-term orthostatic challenge?

Head-Up Tilt Test Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to calculate the 30/15 ratio, which is the maximum RR interval divided by the shortest RR interval?

Orthostatic Test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can develop dysautonomia as a symptom?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common causes of dysautonomia?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the triggering stimulus for reflex syncope?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the main target and stress response center during sepsis?

Gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mediator of gastrointestinal dysfunction during sepsis?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the study mentioned in the text?

To investigate the effects of acupuncture on septic gastrointestinal dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting taste signals from the tongue to the CNS?

Cranial Nerve VII, IX, and X Signup and view all the answers

Which two signaling molecules are considered adiposity signals?

Insulin and Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the article 'Neuroinflammatory and Autonomic Mechanisms in Diabetes and Hypertension' by Han C. et al.?

Neuroinflammation and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Control of insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the autonomic outflow regulated by the hypothalamus?

Controlling hepatic glucose output Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors primarily regulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

B1 adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main link between hypothalamic neuronal types and brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulation?

POMC neurons in arcuate nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of medical trainees and doctors screened positive for a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety in the reviewed studies?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of medical students who meet the criteria for depression will seek help?

1 in 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe mental disorders among medical trainees and doctors?

Depression and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?

Stimulating glucose uptake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity?

Insulin-dependent pathways Signup and view all the answers