Gastrointestinal VP Decrease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a function of enteric glia in the gastrointestinal system?

  • Controlling macrophage numbers
  • Regulating serotonin release
  • Maintaining gut homeostasis (correct)
  • Interacting with immune cells
  • What is the term used to describe the age-related inflammation in the enteric nervous system?

  • Degeneration
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Hyperexcitability
  • Inflammaging (correct)
  • Which test is used to calculate the valsalva ratio?

  • Deep Breathing
  • Valsalva Manoeuver (correct)
  • Resistance against expiration
  • Involuntary forced expiration
  • Which of the following is NOT a potential use of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)?

    <p>Lowering blood glucose in diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

    <p>Regulating digestive, immune, hormonal, and metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Enteric Neural Progenitor Cells (ENPCs) in the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

    <p>They drive neurogenesis in the ENS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential medical use of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) beyond epilepsy and depression?

    <p>Managing chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in treating epilepsy?

    <p>It reduces the activity of highly excitable regions and regulates the release of norepinephrine and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which group of individuals is Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) particularly beneficial in treating depression?

    <p>Those who have not responded to at least 4 different pharmaceutical antidepressant treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test measures the rise in diastolic blood pressure after immersing hands or feet in cold water for 60-90 seconds?

    <p>Cold Pressor Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test allows for the assessment of autonomic regulation during a long-term orthostatic challenge?

    <p>Head-Up Tilt Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to calculate the 30/15 ratio, which is the maximum RR interval divided by the shortest RR interval?

    <p>Orthostatic Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can develop dysautonomia as a symptom?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common causes of dysautonomia?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the triggering stimulus for reflex syncope?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the main target and stress response center during sepsis?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mediator of gastrointestinal dysfunction during sepsis?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>To investigate the effects of acupuncture on septic gastrointestinal dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting taste signals from the tongue to the CNS?

    <p>Cranial Nerve VII, IX, and X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two signaling molecules are considered adiposity signals?

    <p>Insulin and Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the article 'Neuroinflammatory and Autonomic Mechanisms in Diabetes and Hypertension' by Han C. et al.?

    <p>Neuroinflammation and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Control of insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the autonomic outflow regulated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Controlling hepatic glucose output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors primarily regulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

    <p>B1 adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main link between hypothalamic neuronal types and brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulation?

    <p>POMC neurons in arcuate nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of medical trainees and doctors screened positive for a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety in the reviewed studies?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of medical students who meet the criteria for depression will seek help?

    <p>1 in 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe mental disorders among medical trainees and doctors?

    <p>Depression and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Stimulating glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity?

    <p>Insulin-dependent pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

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