26.1 Introduction To The Digestive System
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from accessory digestive organs?

  • The GI tract is considered part of the body while materials in accessory organs are not.
  • GI tract breaks down food into smaller components while accessory organs produce secretions.
  • Accessory organs empty secretions into the GI tract while the GI tract absorbs nutrients.
  • The GI tract is lined with a mucous membrane while accessory digestive organs are not. (correct)

    • Which organs are considered accessory digestive glands?

  • Kidneys and lungs
  • Salivary glands, liver, and pancreas (correct)
  • Heart and brain
  • Stomach and small intestine

    • What role do the teeth and tongue play in digestion?

  • Concentrating secretions from the liver
  • Storing bile for secretion
  • Producing enzymes for digestion
  • Participating in chewing and swallowing food (correct)

    • Why are optimal digestion and absorption dependent on regulating the environmental conditions within the GI tract?

    <p>To ensure proper breakdown of food for absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do materials within the lumen of the GI tract become considered part of the body?

    <p>When they are absorbed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do accessory digestive glands produce?

    <p>Secretions that empty into the GI tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epithelium in the process of absorption within the GI tract?

    <p>To allow for secretion and absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is typically found in most of the GI tract, including the stomach and small intestine?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the GI tract?

    <p>Absorption into blood or lymphatic capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the mucosa contains small blood and lymph vessels?

    <p>Lamina propria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines parts of the GI tract that must withstand abrasion?

    <p>Nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the mucosa are substances moved through simple columnar epithelial cells for absorption?

    <p>Lamina propria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the muscularis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Smooth muscle tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the smooth muscle cells in the muscularis is oriented circumferentially within the GI tract wall?

    <p>Inner circular layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myenteric nerve plexus?

    <p>Control of contractions in the muscularis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the relative orientation of the two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis be visualized according to the text?

    <p>Forming an 'O' with one hand and placing another hand along its lengthwise edge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscularis in the GI tract?

    <p>Motility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the fine branches of nerves and autonomic ganglia located in relation to the layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis?

    <p>Between the inner and outer layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is often referred to as the 'fatty apron'?

    <p>Greater omentum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the falciform ligament?

    <p>Attaching the liver to the abdominal wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery is a fold suspending most of the small intestine?

    <p>Mesentery proper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which organ does the lesser omentum connect?

    <p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the falciform ligament?

    <p>Crescent-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery attaches the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Mesocolon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mixing and propulsion in the GI tract?

    <p>Mixing involves blending secretions with ingested material without directional movement, while propulsion moves materials directionally through the GI tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis in the context of GI motility?

    <p>A wave-like contraction of the muscularis along the GI tract that results in one-way movement of lumen contents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pyloric sphincter function in the GI tract?

    <p>It regulates the movement of material from the stomach into the small intestine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sphincter within the GI tract?

    <p>To control the movement of materials into the next section of the GI tract and prevent backflow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does segmentation in the small intestine contribute to GI motility?

    <p>By mixing and breaking down ingested material for better absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of peristalsis within the GI tract?

    <p>To provide directional one-way movement of lumen contents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when substances are moved through the simple columnar epithelial cells lining the GI tract wall?

    <p>They are absorbed into blood or lymphatic capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the mucosa in the GI tract contains small blood and lymph vessels?

    <p>Lamina propria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the GI tract?

    <p>Providing structural support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines parts of the GI tract that must withstand abrasion?

    <p>Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In absorption, where are substances moved through in the mucosa of the GI tract?

    <p>Epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of propulsion in the context of GI motility?

    <p>Moves material through the lumen of the GI tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are accessory digestive organs distinguished from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Accessory digestive organs develop as outgrowths from the GI tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

    <p>Storing and concentrating bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do materials within the lumen of the GI tract relate to the body?

    <p>Materials in the lumen are considered part of the body once they are absorbed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the salivary gland contribute to digestion in the GI tract?

    <p>Assistance in breaking down food by producing saliva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are classified as accessory digestive glands?

    <p>Liver and pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the mucous membrane lining the GI tract?

    <p>It ensures optimal conditions for digestion and absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic innervation on the GI tract?

    <p>Stimulates release of secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve extends to the parotid gland to stimulate salivary secretions?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sympathetic innervation in the GI tract?

    <p>Inhibits GI tract activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division is responsible for inhibiting GI tract motility and release of secretions?

    <p>Sympathetic division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may interfere with digestion by activating the sympathetic division?

    <p>Exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of axons are involved in regulating digestive activities in the GI tract?

    <p>Parasympathetic axons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What receptors initiate GI reflexes by detecting stretch of the GI tract wall and monitoring chemical content within the lumen?

    <p>Mechanoreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the parietal peritoneum?

    <p>Lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum called?

    <p>Peritoneal cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane is continuous with the posterior abdominal wall and covers internal organs within the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Peritoneum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mesentery in relation to the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Structural support and route for blood vessels and nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the characteristic shape of the falciform ligament?

    <p>Triangular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of peritoneal fold attaches the liver to the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall?

    <p>Falciform ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery extends inferiorly like an apron from the inferolateral surface of the stomach?

    <p>Greater omentum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mesocolon in relation to the large intestine?

    <p>Attaches the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is sometimes referred to as the 'fatty apron' and stores fat in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Greater omentum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the superomedial surface of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver?

    <p>Lesser omentum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which structure is most of the small intestine (the jejunum and ileum) suspended from in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Mesentery proper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lamina propria in the mucosa of the GI tract?

    <p>Contains small blood and lymph vessels for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the relative orientation of the two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis be visualized?

    <p>Longitudinal alignment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may interfere with digestion by activating the sympathetic division?

    <p>Inhibition of peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mesentery extends inferiorly like an apron from the inferolateral surface of the stomach?

    <p>Greater omentum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of GI motility, how does segmentation in the small intestine contribute?

    <p>Facilitates thorough mixing and exposure to absorptive surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do accessory digestive glands produce?

    <p>Digestive enzymes for breaking down food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a short reflex from a long reflex in the context of the GI tract?

    <p>Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary hormones are released into the blood and participate in the regulation of digestion?

    <p>Gastrin and secretin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of autonomic motor output in the context of GI reflexes?

    <p>Relay to other structures like salivary glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do long reflexes differ from short reflexes in terms of sensory input?

    <p>Long reflexes rely on baroreceptors for sensory input. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gastrin in the digestive system?

    <p>Stimulate stomach motility and release of digestive secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of GI tract reflexes, what role does the ENS play in short reflexes?

    <p>Local reflex involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of gastrin on stomach motility and secretions?

    <p>Stimulates stomach motility and increases gastric secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secretin in response to acidic chyme?

    <p>Inhibits stomach motility and increases acidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates migrating motility in the small intestine complex?

    <p>Motilin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hepcidin in response to increased iron content in chyme?

    <p>Inhibits iron absorption in the small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of somatostatin in modulating nearby acidity?

    <p>Parietal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>To obtain nutrients from the diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in an adult cadaver?

    <p>About 30 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is NOT part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative name for the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Alimentary canal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the gastrointestinal (GI) tract end?

    <p>Anus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of accessory digestive organs in the digestive process?

    <p>To aid in the chemical digestion of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes retroperitoneal organs from other abdominal organs?

    <p>They are positioned outside the parietal peritoneum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the adventitia of retroperitoneal organs?

    <p>It is the outermost layer of retroperitoneal organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is NOT considered a retroperitoneal digestive organ?

    <p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic can be used to remember the retroperitoneal organs?

    <p>SAD PUCKER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system are retroperitoneal organs associated with?

    <p>Urinary system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'mesentery' refer to in relation to the GI tract?

    <p>A double layer of peritoneum that supports and suspends intraperitoneal GI tract organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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