Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the forceful emptying of the stomach effected by gastrointestinal contraction and reverse peristalsis of the esophagus?

Anorexia

Projectile vomiting (correct)

Retching

Nausea

Which type of constipation is related to impaired colonic motor function?

Secondary constipation

Pelvic floor dyssynergia-anismus

Slow-transit constipation (correct)

Functional constipation

What can cause diarrhea by excessive fluid drawn into the intestinal lumen by osmosis?

Secretory diarrhea

Osmotic diarrhea (correct)

Motility diarrhea

Excessive secretion of fluids by the intestinal mucosa

What can cause abdominal pain that originates in the peritoneum?

Visceral pain Signup and view all the answers

Where can gastrointestinal bleeding occur?

In the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of many disorders of the gastrointestinal tract?

Anorexia Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with direct stimulation of the vomiting center in the brain?

Projectile vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which type of constipation is defined as associated with low-residue, low-fluid diet?

Functional constipation Signup and view all the answers

What can cause diarrhea by excessive secretion of fluids by the intestinal mucosa?

Secretory diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What can cause abdominal pain that originates in the organs themselves?

Visceral pain Signup and view all the answers

Where does primary constipation related to impaired colonic motor function occur?

Colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of neurogenic disease, drugs that decrease intestinal motility, endocrine or metabolic disorders, or obstruction?

Secondary constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of dysphagia?

Mechanical obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a form of functional dysphagia?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

What causes hiatal hernia?

Protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the esophageal opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the most severe consequence of intestinal obstruction?

Perforation of the intestinal wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of chronic fundal gastritis?

Autoantibodies to parietal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of alkaline reflux gastritis?

Reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions Signup and view all the answers

What causes a peptic ulcer?

Both excessive secretion of gastric acid and disruption of the protective mucosal barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with?

Gastrinoma Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dumping syndrome?

Rapid emptying of hypertonic chyme from the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of malabsorption syndromes?

Both impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What causes stress ulcers in the stomach?

Severe illness or extensive trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of ischemic stress ulcers?

Decreased blood flow to the gastric mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulosis?

Presence of outpouchings in the colonic mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of appendicitis?

Obstruction of the lumen Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes irritable bowel syndrome?

Abdominal pain with altered bowel habits Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common association with vascular insufficiency in the intestine?

Acute or chronic occlusion of mesenteric vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated appendicitis?

Gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by ulceration, abscess formation, and necrosis of the colonic and rectal mucosa?

Ulcerative colitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Crohn disease that distinguishes it from ulcerative colitis?

Involvement of the entire GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency causes fat malabsorption, including fat-soluble vitamins, and steatorrhea?

Bile salt deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of deficient lactase production in the brush border of the small intestine?

Osmotic diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which disease involves two histologic forms, lymphocytic and collagenous, both resulting in frequent diarrhea?

Microscopic colitis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Vomiting is the forceful emptying of the stomach effected by gastrointestinal contraction and reverse peristalsis of the esophagus.
Constipation related to impaired colonic motor function is associated with slow movement of food through the colon.
Diarrhea can be caused by excessive fluid drawn into the intestinal lumen by osmosis, leading to increased fluid secretion.
Abdominal pain originating in the peritoneum is often caused by inflammation or infection.
Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur in the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum) or lower GI tract (jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum).
Abdominal pain that originates in the organs themselves is often caused by inflammation, infection, or obstruction.
Constipation related to low-residue, low-fluid diet is defined as a type of constipation.
Diarrhea can be caused by excessive secretion of fluids by the intestinal mucosa, leading to increased fluid secretion.
Primary constipation related to impaired colonic motor function occurs in the colon.
Neurogenic disease, drugs that decrease intestinal motility, endocrine or metabolic disorders, or obstruction can cause impaired colonic motor function.
The most common cause of dysphagia is achalasia, a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing.
Globus pharyngeus is a form of functional dysphagia, characterized by a sensation of a lump in the throat.
Hiatal hernia is caused by a weakening of the diaphragm, allowing the stomach to bulge into the chest.
The most severe consequence of intestinal obstruction is bowel infarction, which can lead to death.
The main cause of chronic fundal gastritis is Helicobacter pylori infection.
The primary cause of alkaline reflux gastritis is reflux of bile into the stomach.
A peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between digestive enzymes and mucosal defense.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is associated with gastrin-secreting tumors, leading to excessive acid production.
Dumping syndrome is characterized by rapid gastric emptying, leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Malabsorption syndromes are characterized by impaired nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies.
Stress ulcers in the stomach are caused by acute stress, leading to increased acid production.
Ischemic stress ulcers are caused by reduced blood flow to the stomach, leading to tissue damage.
Diverticulosis is a condition characterized by the formation of small pouches in the colon wall.
The primary cause of appendicitis is obstruction of the appendix, leading to inflammation.
Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.
The most common association with vascular insufficiency in the intestine is ischemic colitis.
The consequence of untreated appendicitis is perforation, leading to peritonitis.
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by ulceration, abscess formation, and necrosis of the colonic and rectal mucosa.
Crohn disease is distinguished from ulcerative colitis by the presence of granulomas and transmural inflammation.
Fat malabsorption, including fat-soluble vitamins, and steatorrhea are caused by a deficiency of pancreatic lipase.
Deficient lactase production in the brush border of the small intestine leads to lactose intolerance, characterized by diarrhea and bloating.
Collagenous colitis involves two histologic forms, lymphocytic and collagenous, both resulting in frequent diarrhea.

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Description

Test your knowledge of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with this quiz! Identify clinical manifestations such as anorexia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Explore the causes and effects of vomiting, and understand the underlying mechanisms of gastrointestinal contraction and reverse peristalsis of the esophagus.