Gastrointestinal System Drugs Quiz
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which drug has been associated with antiandrogenic effects such as gynecomastia?

  • Nizatidine
  • Ranitidine
  • Famotidine
  • Cimetidine (correct)

What is a common side effect of H2 antagonists when administered intravenously?

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hypotension (correct)
  • Increased appetite
  • Insomnia

Which H2 antagonist is the drug of choice for patients with liver dysfunction?

  • Famotidine
  • Nizatidine (correct)
  • Ranitidine
  • Cimetidine

What impact does cimetidine have on the metabolism of other drugs?

<p>It slows down the metabolism of drugs processed by the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of the gastric acid pump inhibitors?

<p>Suppression of gastric acid secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with Long-term use of cimetidine?

<p>Increased libido (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for Nizatidine?

<p>Oral only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ranitidine and famotidine is correct?

<p>They have no notable liver metabolism issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for chemical stimulants used as laxatives?

<p>They chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative is known for its use in causing a thorough evacuation of the intestine?

<p>Castor oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative should be avoided during pregnancy due to the risk of inducing premature labor?

<p>Castor oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common adverse effect is associated with the use of laxatives?

<p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laxatives is considered milder and used for overnight effects?

<p>Cascara (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario are laxatives contraindicated to prevent potential complications?

<p>Acute abdominal disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should laxatives be used with caution in patients with coronary artery disease?

<p>They can lead to changes in electrolyte levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laxatives can also be given as a water enema to stimulate the lower GI tract?

<p>Bisacodyl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the drugs discussed?

<p>Blocking the final step of acid production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a short-term treatment indication for the drugs mentioned?

<p>Benign active gastric ulcer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable pharmacokinetic property of omeprazole compared to other proton pump inhibitors?

<p>It is faster acting and quickly excreted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for using these drugs?

<p>Pregnant or lactating women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adverse effect commonly associated with these drugs?

<p>Dizziness and headache (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is NOT commonly reported with long-term use of the drugs discussed?

<p>Elevated calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might laxative drugs lead to chronic intestinal disorders in some individuals?

<p>They stimulate excessive and frequent GI movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of effect do adverse effects from these drugs primarily relate to?

<p>The H+, K+-ATPase pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with long-term laxative use?

<p>Cathartic dependence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential effect of laxative use on the central nervous system?

<p>Dizziness and headaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxative is known for pulling fluid out of the venous system into the small intestine?

<p>Lactulose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should bulk laxatives be avoided?

<p>Ulcerative colitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk may arise from using polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution in patients with a history of seizures?

<p>Risk of electrolyte imbalance causing seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the action of bulk stimulants on the GI tract?

<p>Increasing intestinal fluid and bulk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of laxative abuse observed after discontinuation of use?

<p>Severe constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of laxative works by a saline pull to bring fluids into the GI tract?

<p>Magnesium citrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with bulk laxatives?

<p>Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of glycerin laxatives?

<p>They are hyperosmolar and used in suppository form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for using lubricant laxatives?

<p>Acute abdominal disorders such as appendicitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect may result from excessive use of laxatives, including lubricants?

<p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of docusate as a laxative?

<p>Increases the surface area of fat and water in stool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of using mineral oil as a laxative?

<p>Staining and leakage from the stool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population should use lubricants with caution?

<p>Patients with heart block and coronary artery disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laxatives are not absorbed systemically and are excreted in feces?

<p>Mineral oil and docusate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How do H2 antagonists work?

H2 receptor antagonists block histamine receptors on parietal cells, preventing the release of gastrin, a hormone that causes further histamine release. This ultimately blocks hydrochloric acid production and decreases pepsin production.

What drugs are H2 antagonists?

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine are medications that belong to this class.

What side effect is unique to cimetidine?

Cimetidine, the first H2 antagonist, can cause gynecomastia and galactorrhea due to its antiandrogenic effects.

Which H2 antagonist is approved for children?

Famotidine is the only H2 antagonist approved for use in children aged 1 to 16 years old.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which H2 antagonist is best for liver problems?

Nizatidine is the preferred H2 antagonist for individuals with liver dysfunction since it is eliminated by the kidneys, avoiding liver metabolism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do proton pump inhibitors work?

Proton pump inhibitors directly inhibit the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme system on parietal cells, effectively suppressing gastric acid secretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors used for?

These drugs are used to treat various conditions associated with excess gastric acid production, including peptic ulcers, GERD, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What precautions should be taken when using H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors?

Caution is advised during pregnancy and lactation due to potential fetal or infant adverse effects. Also, hepatic or renal dysfunction can interfere with drug metabolism and excretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Drugs that block the final step of acid production in the stomach, lowering acid levels and treating conditions like ulcers and GERD.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pharmacokinetics of PPIs

PPIs are rapidly absorbed from the gut and reach peak levels in 3-5 hours. They are extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contraindications of PPIs

PPIs are contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women due to potential harm to the fetus or infant, and their safety hasn't been established in children under 18, except for lansoprazole.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adverse Effects of PPIs

PPIs can cause CNS effects like dizziness and headache, GI effects like diarrhea and abdominal pain, and respiratory symptoms like cough and stuffy nose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Long-Term Effects of PPIs

Long-term PPI use has been associated with bone loss, decreased calcium and magnesium levels, and an increased risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and pneumonia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laxatives

Drugs used to relieve constipation, often available over-the-counter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laxative Abuse

Frequent laxative use can lead to dependence and potentially chronic intestinal problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consequences of Laxative Abuse

Abuse of laxatives can develop chronic intestinal disorders by disrupting natural bowel movements and potentially leading to dependency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do chemical stimulants work as laxatives?

They directly irritate the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, causing increased movement and stimulation of local reflexes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do bulk stimulants work as laxatives?

They increase the bulk of fecal matter, making it easier to pass.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do lubricants work as laxatives?

They help the intestinal contents move more smoothly, reducing friction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are contraindications for using laxatives?

They can worsen existing conditions like appendicitis, diverticulitis, and ulcerative colitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where do laxatives work in the body?

They work throughout the GI tract, starting from the small intestine and increasing motility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the most common side effects of laxatives?

They can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Are laxatives safe to use during pregnancy?

They are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of premature labour.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who should use laxatives with caution?

They should be used with caution in individuals with heart conditions or those who are weak, as they can affect electrolyte balance and absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bulk-Forming Laxatives

Laxatives that work by adding bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. Examples include psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stimulant Laxatives

These laxatives work by stimulating the muscles of the intestines to contract, pushing the stool along. Examples include bisacodyl and senna.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmotic Laxatives

These laxatives work by drawing water into the intestines, softening the stool and making it easier to pass. Examples include magnesium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lubricant Laxatives

These laxatives work by adding lubrication to the stool, making it easier to pass. Examples include docusate, glycerin, and mineral oil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bulk Laxative Side Effects

Common adverse effects of bulk laxatives are diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stimulant Laxative Side Effects

Common adverse effects of stimulant laxatives are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and electrolyte imbalances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmotic Laxative Side Effects

Common adverse effects of osmotic laxatives are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lubricant Laxative Side Effects

Common adverse effects of lubricant laxatives are diarrhea, leakage, and staining.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are laxatives administered and how do they work?

These drugs are all taken orally, directly effective within the GI tract and generally not absorbed systemically. They act rapidly, causing effects as they pass through the GI tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When are bulk laxatives contraindicated?

Bulk laxatives are contraindicated in cases of acute abdominal issues like appendicitis, diverticulitis, and ulcerative colitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When should laxatives be used with caution?

Laxatives should be used cautiously in individuals with heart block, coronary artery disease, and debilitation. Additionally, extreme caution is needed during pregnancy and lactation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is caution needed when using polyethylene glycolelectrolyte solution in patients with seizures?

Polyethylene glycolelectrolyte solution should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures due to the risk of electrolyte absorption causing neuronal instability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is cathartic dependence?

Cathartic dependence occurs when laxatives are used frequently over a long period, making the GI tract reliant on their stimulation. This can lead to constipation and stool drying without regular laxative use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some common CNS side effects of laxative use?

Frequent laxative use or abuse can cause adverse effects such as dizziness, headache, and weakness. These may be related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances accompanying laxative use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some other possible side effects of laxative use?

Sweating, palpitations, flushing, and even fainting can occur after laxative use. These effects may be related to a sympathetic stress reaction to intense GI stimulation or electrolyte imbalances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do bulk stimulants work?

Bulk stimulants increase GI motility by increasing fluid in the intestinal contents, expanding bulk, stimulating stretch receptors, and activating localized activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal System

  • Chapter 9 of the course material covers the gastrointestinal system.

Drugs to Treat Ulcer Disease

  • This section focuses on medicines used to treat ulcers.

Histamine-2 Antagonists

  • H2 antagonists block H2 receptors on parietal cells.
  • This prevents gastrin release, reducing histamine release, and ultimately decreasing hydrochloric acid production.
  • Pepsin production also decreases.
  • H2 receptor sites are in the heart; high doses can cause cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Specific examples of H2 antagonists are cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB), famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC), nizatidine (Axid), and ranitidine (Zantac).
  • Different drugs have varying uses and recommendations for different age groups, including children.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

  • PPIs suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system.
  • This action lowers stomach acid levels.
  • These drugs are often used in short-term treatment of duodenal ulcers, GERD, and erosive esophagitis.
  • They may also be used for long-term treatment of pathological conditions or for maintenance therapy for healing erosive conditions.
  • PPI medications are also used in combination with antibiotics for H. pylori infection.
  • Examples of PPIs are dexlansoprazole,esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole.

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Constipation

  • This section details drugs used for short-term constipation relief.

Laxatives

  • Laxatives are used for short-term constipation relief.
  • Types of laxatives include chemical stimulants, bulk stimulants, and lubricants.

Chemical Stimulants

  • These directly stimulate the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, increasing movement.
  • Agents include castor oil, bisacodyl, and cascara.
  • Cascara is a milder alternative, often used for overnight effects, and senna.

Bulk Stimulants

  • These increase intestinal contents' fluid and bulk, stimulating stretch receptors in the small intestine.
  • Example agents include lactulose, magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (e.g., milk of magnesia), magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), polycarbophil, polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution, and psyllium.

Lubricants

  • Lubricants make defecation easier without stimulating GI tract movement.
  • Examples of lubricants include docusate, glycerin, and mineral oil.

Pharmacokinetics, Contraindications, and Cautions

  • These are important considerations for all drugs in the GI tract.
  • Absorption, excretion, and metabolism methods for each drug are important information.
  • Specific considerations and cautions for the drugs exist for pregnancy, lactation, certain medical conditions, patient age groups, and usage of the drug regimen.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Chapter 9 Gastrointestinal System PDF

Description

This quiz covers Chapter 9 of the course material focusing on the gastrointestinal system, specifically tailored to drugs treating ulcer disease. Explore the mechanisms and specific examples of H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. Enhance your understanding of their actions, uses, and implications for different age groups.

More Like This

Peptic Ulcer Disease Quiz
1 questions

Peptic Ulcer Disease Quiz

PortableAlmandine avatar
PortableAlmandine
Nursing Discharge Teaching on Peptic Ulcer Disease
100 questions

Nursing Discharge Teaching on Peptic Ulcer Disease

RelaxedCherryTree avatar
RelaxedCherryTree
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser