Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following gastrointestinal functions is particularly important in infants due to the immaturity of other organ systems?
Which of the following gastrointestinal functions is particularly important in infants due to the immaturity of other organ systems?
- Processing and absorption of complex carbohydrates
- Detoxification of harmful substances (correct)
- Regulation of gastric acid secretion
- Production of intrinsic factor for Vitamin B12 absorption
A child presents with frequent regurgitation and projectile vomiting. Which condition is most likely indicated by these symptoms?
A child presents with frequent regurgitation and projectile vomiting. Which condition is most likely indicated by these symptoms?
- Encopresis
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Constipation
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction (correct)
A child is being evaluated for possible gastrointestinal dysfunction. What assessment finding would be most concerning and warrant immediate investigation?
A child is being evaluated for possible gastrointestinal dysfunction. What assessment finding would be most concerning and warrant immediate investigation?
- Absent bowel sounds (correct)
- Regurgitation after feeding
- Abdominal distention
- Occasional constipation
A guaiac stool test is performed on a child. A blue color develops on the test strip. What does this finding indicate?
A guaiac stool test is performed on a child. A blue color develops on the test strip. What does this finding indicate?
A child is suspected of having a Helicobacter pylori infection. Which diagnostic test would directly assess for the presence of H. pylori in a biopsy sample?
A child is suspected of having a Helicobacter pylori infection. Which diagnostic test would directly assess for the presence of H. pylori in a biopsy sample?
A child undergoing contrast radiography of the gastrointestinal tract needs specific nursing considerations. What instruction should the nurse provide to the parents regarding post-procedure care?
A child undergoing contrast radiography of the gastrointestinal tract needs specific nursing considerations. What instruction should the nurse provide to the parents regarding post-procedure care?
A child is scheduled for esophageal manometry. What pre-procedure preparation is essential for this diagnostic test?
A child is scheduled for esophageal manometry. What pre-procedure preparation is essential for this diagnostic test?
A liver biopsy is contraindicated in a child with which pre-existing condition?
A liver biopsy is contraindicated in a child with which pre-existing condition?
During an endoscopy, a biopsy sample is frequently obtained from which of the following gastrointestinal structures?
During an endoscopy, a biopsy sample is frequently obtained from which of the following gastrointestinal structures?
Which clinical manifestation is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction?
Which clinical manifestation is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction?
Which diagnostic procedure involves the use of a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract?
Which diagnostic procedure involves the use of a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract?
A child exhibits hematochezia. What specific clinical manifestation does this term describe?
A child exhibits hematochezia. What specific clinical manifestation does this term describe?
The liver processes antigens and produces what?
The liver processes antigens and produces what?
What is being measured during Esophageal manometry?
What is being measured during Esophageal manometry?
When a child undergoes a stool exam which of the options indicates a positive result for hemoglobin?
When a child undergoes a stool exam which of the options indicates a positive result for hemoglobin?
Which of the following best describes the preparatory actions involved for children undergoing Radiography?
Which of the following best describes the preparatory actions involved for children undergoing Radiography?
Which condition is often evaluated using a C urea breath test?
Which condition is often evaluated using a C urea breath test?
Damage to which organ can cause Jaundice?
Damage to which organ can cause Jaundice?
What are the main functions of the gastrointestinal system?
What are the main functions of the gastrointestinal system?
Which of the following best describes why a child may receive pancreatic enzyme supplements via a duodenal tube, collected under stimulated conditions?
Which of the following best describes why a child may receive pancreatic enzyme supplements via a duodenal tube, collected under stimulated conditions?
Flashcards
GI System Functions
GI System Functions
Process and absorb nutrients to support growth and development. Also includes excretory functions, detoxification, fluid balance, and barrier function against pathogens.
Clinical Manifestations of GI dysfunction
Clinical Manifestations of GI dysfunction
Failure to thrive, regurgitation, abdominal pain, GI bleeding, jaundice and fever.
Stool Exam
Stool Exam
Examination of stool specimen to detect abnormalities.
Occult Blood/Guaiac Test
Occult Blood/Guaiac Test
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H. Pylori Testing
H. Pylori Testing
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Manometry
Manometry
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Endoscopy
Endoscopy
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Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Structure and Function
- The gastrointestinal system processes and absorbs nutrients for growth and development
Functions of the Gastrointestinal System
- Excretory tasks are performed
- Detoxification occurs, especially important since other routes like kidneys, liver, and skin are immature
- Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained
- Serves as a barrier against bacteria, viruses, and parasites
- The liver processes antigens and produces immunoglobulins
Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
- Failure to thrive is a clinical manifestation
- Regurgitation and vomiting/projectile vomiting can occur
- Nausea and constipation are possible
- Encopresis and diarrhea are also manifestations
- Bowel sounds may be hypoactive, hyperactive, or absent
- Abdominal distention and abdominal pain may be present
- Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur
- Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and hematochezia (blood in stool) may be observed
- Melena (black, tarry stools) and jaundice are also clinical signs
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysfunctional swallowing, and fever may be present
Diagnostic Procedures for Gastrointestinal Issues
- Stool exams and occult blood/guaiac tests are performed
- H. pylori testing is conducted
- Radiography, manometry, and endoscopy are utilized for diagnosis
Stool Exam/Guaiac Stool Test
- Gross, microscopic, and chemical examinations of stool specimens are conducted.
- Occult blood- a blue color indicates hemoglobin
H. Pylori Testing
- Serology tests check for the presence of anti-HgIgG antibodies.
- C urea breath tests aims to determine active infection.
- Urease tests involve a biopsy of the stomach during endoscopy; a color change indicates the presence of H. pylori.
- Pancreatic function, pancreatic secretions are collected via a duodenal tube under stimulated conditions and the patient is placed on NPO prior to the procedure
Radiography
- Plain films are used.
- Contrast studies (upper and lower GI) - encourage fluids after the procedure.
- Ultrasonography, CT scans, and MRI are utilized.
Manometry
- For esophagus, patient should be NPO for 6-8 hours before the procedure
- Rectal- enema to clear rectum before procedure
Biopsy
- Liver- GA/LA; preliminary coagulation studies needed and is contraindicated with prolonged BT/CT, anemia, infection, or obstructive jaundice
- Esophagus, stomach, intestine- usually obtained with endoscopy
Endoscopy
- Upper GI, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, anoscopy- NPO 4-8 hours before procedure
- Esophageal pH monitoring remains NPO 4 hours prior to insertion of tube, discontinue antacids and other meds 24hr-7 days before study
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