Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Listeria Monocytogenes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Cholera?

  • Direct contact transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Respiratory route
  • Faecal-oral route (correct)
  • What is the primary target of the B subunits of the Cholera toxin?

  • Cyclic AMP
  • GM1 ganglioside receptor (correct)
  • Adenylate cyclase
  • G proteins
  • What is the enzyme stimulated by the G protein in the Cholera toxin mechanism?

  • Adenylate kinase
  • Guanosine kinase
  • Cyclic AMP synthase
  • Adenylate cyclase (correct)
  • What is the consequence of good sanitation in the context of Cholera transmission?

    <p>Breaks the cycle of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical correlation between Cholera prevalence and genetics in Northern Europe?

    <p>Increased cases of cystic fibrosis carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the trigger for the recent outbreak of Cholera in Haiti?

    <p>2010 massive earth quake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of the A1 subunit of the Shiga toxin?

    <p>Cleaving 28S RNA to inhibit protein elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of entry for L. monocytogenes in the host?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of the Shiga toxin in the body?

    <p>Small blood vessels in the intestine, kidney, and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that may occur in 3% of individuals infected with Shigella flexneri?

    <p>Reiter's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is involved in the adherence of L. monocytogenes to host cells?

    <p>E-cadherin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Cholera toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling pathway is activated by the InlA-invasion pathway?

    <p>Signaling cascades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Internalin B in L. monocytogenes pathogenesis?

    <p>Promoting systemic spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the B subunits of the Shiga toxin?

    <p>Binding to globotriosylceramide on the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the mouse model considered poor for studying L. monocytogenes?

    <p>It has a different E-cadherin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that can occur after S. dysenteriae type 1 infection?

    <p>Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal model is considered the best for studying L. monocytogenes?

    <p>Gerbil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate number of people killed in the 2010 earthquake in Haiti?

    <p>300,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the strain of cholera found in Haiti during the 2010 epidemic?

    <p>V.cholerae O1 El Tor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the strain of cholera found in Haiti likely originate from?

    <p>South-East Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated number of cholera cases per year worldwide according to the WHO?

    <p>1.3-4 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long had it been since cholera was last reported in Haiti before the 2010 epidemic?

    <p>100 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in pathogenic bacteria?

    <p>To deliver proteins (effectors) directly into the host cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Shigella flexneri gain entrance to the host cell?

    <p>Through the formation of a pore in the host cell's plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of movement for Shigella?

    <p>Actin polymerization to move within and between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the toxin family produced by Shigella dysenteriae and some E. coli?

    <p>Shiga toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the needle-like structures on the surface of Shigella?

    <p>To make initial contact with the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the plaque assay in studying Shigella?

    <p>To study the entry and spread of Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

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