29 Questions
What is the primary mode of transmission of Cholera?
Faecal-oral route
What is the primary target of the B subunits of the Cholera toxin?
GM1 ganglioside receptor
What is the enzyme stimulated by the G protein in the Cholera toxin mechanism?
Adenylate cyclase
What is the consequence of good sanitation in the context of Cholera transmission?
Breaks the cycle of transmission
What is the historical correlation between Cholera prevalence and genetics in Northern Europe?
Increased cases of cystic fibrosis carriers
What was the trigger for the recent outbreak of Cholera in Haiti?
2010 massive earth quake
What is the mechanism of action of the A1 subunit of the Shiga toxin?
Cleaving 28S RNA to inhibit protein elongation
What is the site of entry for L. monocytogenes in the host?
Gastrointestinal tract
What is the primary target of the Shiga toxin in the body?
Small blood vessels in the intestine, kidney, and lungs
What is the name of the syndrome that may occur in 3% of individuals infected with Shigella flexneri?
Reiter's syndrome
What protein is involved in the adherence of L. monocytogenes to host cells?
E-cadherin
What is the name of the toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera toxin
Which signaling pathway is activated by the InlA-invasion pathway?
Signaling cascades
What is the primary function of Internalin B in L. monocytogenes pathogenesis?
Promoting systemic spread
What is the function of the B subunits of the Shiga toxin?
Binding to globotriosylceramide on the cell membrane
Why is the mouse model considered poor for studying L. monocytogenes?
It has a different E-cadherin
What is the name of the syndrome that can occur after S. dysenteriae type 1 infection?
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Which animal model is considered the best for studying L. monocytogenes?
Gerbil
What was the approximate number of people killed in the 2010 earthquake in Haiti?
300,000
What was the strain of cholera found in Haiti during the 2010 epidemic?
V.cholerae O1 El Tor
Where did the strain of cholera found in Haiti likely originate from?
South-East Asia
What was the estimated number of cholera cases per year worldwide according to the WHO?
1.3-4 million
How long had it been since cholera was last reported in Haiti before the 2010 epidemic?
100 years
What is the primary function of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in pathogenic bacteria?
To deliver proteins (effectors) directly into the host cytosol
How does Shigella flexneri gain entrance to the host cell?
Through the formation of a pore in the host cell's plasma membrane
What is the primary mechanism of movement for Shigella?
Actin polymerization to move within and between cells
What is the name of the toxin family produced by Shigella dysenteriae and some E. coli?
Shiga toxin
What is the function of the needle-like structures on the surface of Shigella?
To make initial contact with the host cell
What is the purpose of the plaque assay in studying Shigella?
To study the entry and spread of Shigella
Explore the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that can survive low pH and cross epithelial barriers. Learn about its adherence, entry into phagocytes, and effects on the immune, nervous, and reproductive systems.
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