Gastrointestinal Function & Regulation Chapter 25 Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

  • To protect the oral cavity from bacteria
  • To absorb nutrients and water into the body (correct)
  • To facilitate the excretion of waste from the body
  • To mix food with secretions from various organs

    • Which part of the gastrointestinal tract secretes saliva?

  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Mouth (correct)
  • Small intestine

    • What is the role of amylase in saliva?

  • Protecting the oral cavity from bacteria
  • Initiating digestion of starch (correct)
  • Facilitating absorption of nutrients
  • Mixing food with secretions

    • Which organ delivers secretions into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the gastrointestinal tract are the parts encountered by the meal or its residues?

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glandular structures in the intestine?

    <p>Delivering secretions into the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of salivary glands produces saliva?

    <p>Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of secretions from the biliary system of the liver in digestion?

    <p>Initiating digestion of fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence on salivary secretion?

    <p>Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland's secretions are hypotonic compared with plasma and alkaline?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT performed by saliva?

    <p>Aids in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component added to food during the gastric phase of secretion?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of secretion is quantitatively the most significant in the stomach?

    <p>Gastric phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of sympathetic branch input on salivary secretion?

    <p>Increase proteinaceous content of saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important about the alkaline nature of saliva?

    <p>It neutralizes gastric secretions in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands play a role in adding digestive juices to the meal before it is taken in?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Secrete hydrochloric acid and produce pepsinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of intrinsic factor in the stomach?

    <p>Important for the later absorption of vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the stomach are responsible for producing pepsinogen?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gastrin in the stomach?

    <p>Match the rate of secretion to functional requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulus is responsible for triggering parietal cell secretion in the stomach?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastric lipase in the stomach?

    <p>Begin the digestion of dietary fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the glands in the fundus or body of the stomach contribute to gastric secretion?

    <p>By producing pepsinogens and gastric lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of gastrin in the antrum of the stomach?

    <p>Specific neurotransmitter released from enteric nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for adding about 2.5 L/day to the intestinal contents?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histamine in the stomach?

    <p>Trigger parietal cell secretion via binding to H2-receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the parasympathetic branch in controlling salivary secretion?

    <p>To play the most prominent role in controlling salivary secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does saliva aid in speech?

    <p>By facilitating movements of the lips and tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of digestive juices in the stomach before food is actually taken in?

    <p>The cephalic phase influenced by food preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of saliva in the oral cavity?

    <p>To protect the oral cavity from bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract has a very substantial surface area that is important for its absorptive function?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To absorb nutrients and water into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secretin?

    <p>Increases the secretion of bicarbonate by the duct cells of the pancreas and biliary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the release of secretin?

    <p>Acid bathing the mucosa of the upper small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does CCK affect the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice?

    <p>Enhances the digestion of protein and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

    <p>Stimulates release of secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers substantial release of gastrin in the stomach?

    <p>Physical presence of the meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pancreas in digestion?

    <p>Producing enzymes important in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to terminating gastric secretion after the meal moves into the small intestine?

    <p>Release of somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Serve as a portal for absorption of nutrients and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands produce saliva that serves to initiate digestion, particularly of starch, mediated by amylase?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the parts of the gastrointestinal tract encountered by the meal or its residues in order?

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ghrelin?

    <p>Playing a role in the central control of food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the myenteric plexus and submucous plexus located?

    <p>Between the outer longitudinal and middle circular muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enteric nervous system sometimes referred to as?

    <p>The 'little brain'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does substance P affect the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Increasing the motility of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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