Gastrointestinal Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What advantage does colonoscopy have over rectosigmoidoscopy?

  • Colonoscopy requires no preparation.
  • Colonoscopy is less invasive.
  • Colonoscopy can only identify polyps.
  • Colonoscopy visualizes the entire colon. (correct)

    • Which type of polyp requires surgical intervention?

  • Benign polyps that are asymptomatic
  • Broad-based implantation polyps
  • Polyps without any signs of cancer
  • Polyps with signs of malignant degeneration (correct)

    • Which syndrome is associated with gastrointestinal polyposis and perioral hyperpigmentation?

  • Juvenile polyposis
  • Gardner syndrome
  • Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (correct)
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis

    • What is ulcerative colitis also known as?

    <p>Ulcerative-haemorrhagic colitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>It can be localized or affect the entire colon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary age range during which the condition is most commonly observed?

    <p>24 - 45 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT recognized in the onset and development of the disease?

    <p>Environmental (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern regarding the long-term effects of this condition?

    <p>It is considered a precancerous state for recto-smoid cancer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the severe clinical form of the disease?

    <p>Localized extensively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of findings are initially observed in the mucosa during the pathological examination?

    <p>Hiperemiata and edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication associated with the condition mentioned in the text?

    <p>Occlusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when determining the type of surgery performed?

    <p>Age and general condition of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical intervention mentioned in the text?

    <p>Surgical removal of the lesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of palliative surgery mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cecostomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the last paragraph of the text?

    <p>The anatomy of the rectum and anus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of colon cancers are located in the sigmoid area?

    <p>75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paraclinical diagnostic method can show a complete stop in occlusive forms of colon cancer?

    <p>Irigography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with tumors located in the left colon?

    <p>Feces with streaks of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique provides a finer diagnosis compared to ultrasound for colon cancer?

    <p>CT and MRI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical feature of low localizations of colon cancer?

    <p>Pencil-shaped stools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of prednisone for patients requiring corticoid therapy?

    <p>20 mg/day followed by 10 mg/day for 1-2 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary factor is considered a protective factor against colon cancer?

    <p>Cellulosic fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age group is colon cancer most commonly observed?

    <p>60-70 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor typically has an increased risk of malignancy?

    <p>Villous tumors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of colon cancer develops endolumenally and evolves into colon obstruction?

    <p>Cancer vegetant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of diffuse infiltrative cancer?

    <p>Poorly demarcated edges and grainy surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is considered a precancerous inflammatory lesion?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of genetic load in colon cancer etiology?

    <p>It indicates inherited aggregated disorders that may increase risk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mucus secretion in the colon?

    <p>To protect the colonic mucosa and facilitate feces passage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily vascularizes the right colon?

    <p>Superior mesenteric artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an absorbed substance in the colonic lining?

    <p>Digestive enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication associated with colonic diverticulosis?

    <p>Diverticulitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with diverticulitis?

    <p>Intermittent abdominal pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely age demographic affected by diverticulosis?

    <p>Adults over 60 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures collects lymph from the colon?

    <p>Subserosal plexus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination is REQUIRED at the slightest suspicion of colic cancer?

    <p>Endoscopic examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes diverticula in diverticulosis?

    <p>Can vary in size from 1 mm to 7 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pain associated with diverticulitis?

    <p>Constant, intense pain in the left iliac fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    . ### Surgical Pathology of the Colon and Rectum - Short Notes

    Colon Anatomy

    • Length: Approx. 1.5 meters.
    • Diameter: Cecum (8 cm), tapering to 4-5 cm at rectosigmoid junction.
    • Parts: Cecum, ascending, right colic flexure, transverse, left colic flexure, descending, iliac, pelvic colon.

    Embryological Division

    • Right Colon: Cecum, ascending colon, right half of transverse colon.
    • Left Colon: From splenic flexure to pelvic diaphragm.

    Topographical Division

    • Divided into ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and pelvic colon.

    Physiological/Radiological Division

    • Cannon’s Sphincter: Divides colon into right, left, pelvic sections.
    • Right Colon: Digestion and absorption.
    • Left Colon: Passage.
    • Pelvic Colon: Stasis area.

    Mobility and Fixity

    • Mobile: Transverse and sigmoid colon.
    • Fixed: Ascending, descending, and flexures.

    Ileocecal Valve (Check)

    • Location: Right iliac fossa.
    • Size: 6-7 cm.
    • Function: Regulates passage from ileum to cecum, associated with the appendix.

    Colon Parts

    • Ascending Colon: 12-15 cm, from cecum to hepatic flexure.
    • Transverse Colon: 45-50 cm, between hepatic and splenic flexures.
    • Descending Colon: 25 cm, from splenic flexure to iliac fossa.
    • Sigmoid Colon: 40 cm, from iliac fossa to rectum, most mobile.

    Colon Physiology

    • Digestion: Absorbs water, electrolytes, and bacterial digestion products.
    • Movements: Peristalsis (2-3/min), segmental contractions for mixing.
    • Secretion: Alkaline mucus for lubrication and protection.
    • Absorption: Water, electrolytes, bile salts, vitamins, and medications.

    Vascularization

    • Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA): Supplies right colon.
    • Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA): Supplies left colon.
    • Veins: Drain into respective veins, eventually to the portal system.

    Lymphatic System

    • Lymphatic drainage to epicolic, paracolic, and mesenteric lymph nodes.

    Colonic Diverticulosis

    • Location: Commonly in sigmoid colon, herniation of mucosa and submucosa through muscle.
    • Prevalence: Affects over 1/3 of those over 60 years.
    • Complications: Diverticulitis (10-15%), GI bleeding (20-30%).

    Diverticulitis

    • Symptoms: Left iliac fossa pain, fever, constipation, abdominal distension.
    • Diagnosis: Radiography, endoscopy, angiography for bleeding.

    Complications

    • Fistulas (e.g., colo-vesical), bowel obstruction, peritonitis, abscess formation.

    Colon Cancer

    • Treatment: Surgical resection, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy depending on stage.

    Polyps

    • Types: Sessile, pedunculated. Adenomas (tubular, villous).
    • Risk: Villous adenomas have higher cancer risk.

    Symptoms: Diarrhea, colic, blood/mucus in stool.

    Diagnosis: Colonoscopy, biopsy, radiography.

    Treatment: Removal via colonoscopy for benign polyps, surgery for malignant ones.

    Ulcerative Colitis

    • Definition: Non-specific inflammation of the colon, primarily affecting the rectosigmoid.
    • Forms: Acute, chronic, and intermittent.
    • Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, pain, fever, anemia, weight loss.
    • Diagnosis: Rectosigmoidoscopy, biopsy, imaging.
    • Complications: Perforation, cancer, abscesses, fistulas.

    Treatment: Medical (steroids, immunosuppressants), surgical (colectomy in severe cases).

    General Treatment Notes

    • Surgical Procedures: Segmental colectomy, hemicolectomy, colectomy with stoma formation.
    • Preoperative Preparation: Mechanical bowel preparation, electrolyte management.
    • Postoperative Care: Monitoring for infection, hemorrhage, and anastomotic leaks.

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    Surgical Pathology of the Colon and Rectum PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcerative colitis and the advantages of colonoscopy over rectosigmoidoscopy. This quiz covers symptoms, surgical interventions, and associated syndromes that affect the digestive system. Explore different aspects of these disorders through targeted questions.

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