Gastrointestinal Disorders Quiz

The forceful emptying of the stomach caused by muscle contractions and the reverse movement of food up the esophagus.

The feeling of nausea before vomiting, often accompanied by retching.

A type of vomiting that occurs suddenly and forcefully, often without prior nausea or retching.

Difficult or painful swallowing, often feeling like an obstruction.

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't relax properly, causing food to get trapped in the esophagus.

The backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Inflammation of the esophagus, often caused by frequent GERD events.

Dark, tarry stools caused by blood in the digestive tract.

A protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm at the gastroesophageal junction.

Delayed gastric emptying in the absence of any physical blockage of the stomach outlet.

A narrowing or blockage of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

Interruption of the normal movement of food through the small or large intestine.

An inflammation of the stomach lining.

A circumscribed area of mucosal inflammation and ulceration caused by excessive acid secretion or disruption of the protective mucosal barrier.

A peptic ulcer located in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.

A peptic ulcer located in the stomach lining.

A type of peptic ulcer that occurs in the stomach, often near parietal cells, and tends to become chronic. It may cause pain after eating and can have normal or decreased gastric secretions.

A condition caused by a gastrinoma, a tumor that secretes excessive gastrin, leading to chronic overproduction of gastric acid and ulcers in both the stomach and duodenum.

An acute form of peptic ulcer that develops in response to severe illness or critical injury. It's characterized by rapid ulceration of the stomach or duodenum caused by stress-induced mucosal damage.

A type of stress ulcer caused by head trauma. It develops due to the overstimulation of vagal nuclei, leading to excessive hydrochloric acid production.

A collection of digestive problems that occur after gastric resection, a procedure removing part or all of the stomach. They can occur after surgeries for peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, or obesity.

A gastrointestinal condition characterized by rapid emptying of food from the stomach into the small intestine after gastric surgery. This can lead to osmotic shifts and malabsorption issues.

A condition where the body has difficulty digesting or absorbing nutrients, often associated with pancreatic insufficiency, lactase deficiency, or bile salt deficiency.

An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by ulcerations, abscess formation, and necrosis in the colon and rectum. It can cause severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss.

Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, often due to high portal pressure, low plasma proteins, and sodium retention.

Impaired brain function caused by toxins (like ammonia) not processed by the liver.

Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by increased bilirubin in the blood.

Jaundice caused by blockage either within the liver or in the bile ducts outside the liver.

Jaundice caused by the breakdown of red blood cells exceeding the liver's ability to process bilirubin.

Kidney failure caused by advanced liver disease, often associated with cirrhosis and high portal pressure.

Severe liver malfunction, possibly due to acetaminophen overdose or hepatitis complications.

Liver inflammation caused by an immune system attack, with elevated antibodies, enzymes, and absence of viral hepatitis.

A condition caused by frequent remissions and exacerbations, affecting the entire GI tract, including the large and small intestines. It involves all layers of the lumen and is characterized by "skip lesions" and granulomas.

A disorder of the brain-gut interaction characterized by abdominal pain with altered bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both).

Outpouchings of colonic mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall. Diverticulosis is the presence of these outpouchings, while diverticulitis is inflammation of the diverticula.

Inflammation of the appendix caused by obstruction of the lumen, leading to increased pressure, ischemia, and inflammation. If not surgically removed, it can progress to gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis.

A condition where the portal venous pressure is elevated to at least 10 mmHg, caused by increased resistance to venous flow in the portal vein and its tributaries. It is a serious complication of liver disease, potentially leading to fatal complications.

Distended, tortuous, collateral veins associated with portal hypertension, often caused by the increased pressure in the portal vein.

Enlargement of the spleen resulting from increased splenic vein pressure caused by portal hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension associated with portal hypertension and severe liver disease, caused by the release of vasodilators that affect pulmonary arterioles.

This type of esophageal cancer arises from the cells lining the esophagus and is linked to tobacco and alcohol use, reflux esophagitis, and nutritional deficiencies.

This type of esophageal cancer develops from the glandular cells in the esophagus and is often associated with Barrett's esophagus, a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus changes.

This type of gastric cancer is linked to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, high salt intake, and food preservatives.

This type of colon cancer is characterized by multiple polyps (abnormal growths) in the colon, inherited and usually diagnosed at a young age.

This type of colon cancer is also inherited but doesn't involve multiple polyps. Instead, it's associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and other cancers.

This type of liver cancer is the most common type and originates from the liver cells themselves.

This type of liver cancer originates from the bile ducts within the liver, which carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder.

This type of cancer is the most common type of gallbladder cancer and arises from the glandular cells lining the gallbladder.