Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Causes, Presentation, and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical symptom of slow, chronic blood loss in GI bleeding?

  • Hematemesis
  • Fresh bleeding per rectum
  • Postural hypotension
  • Fatigue and exertional dyspnea (correct)

    • What is the probable source of bleeding if a patient presents with fresh bleeding per rectum with blood clots?

  • Esophageal varices
  • Lower GI source (correct)
  • Upper GI source
  • Duodenal ulcer

    • What is the initial step in the management of GI bleeding?

  • Performing a stool examination
  • Establishing an IV line (correct)
  • Inserting an NG tube
  • Conducting laboratory investigations

    • What is the purpose of assessing orthostatic changes in a patient with GI bleeding?

    <p>To determine the severity of hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a history of recent dyspepsia in a patient with GI bleeding?

    <p>It is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting laboratory investigations in a patient with GI bleeding?

    <p>To guide management and transfusion decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate increase in Hb concentration after transfusing 1 unit of packed cells?

    <p>0.5mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of endoscopic treatment for variceal bleeding?

    <p>Band ligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of lower GI bleeding that presents as hematochezia?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of a unit of packed cells?

    <p>250 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of massive transfusion?

    <p>Greater than 1 blood volume or 10 units transfused within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of blood passed per rectum in lower GI bleeding?

    <p>Upper GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of administering crystalloid or colloid solutions during resuscitation?

    <p>To achieve a SBP &gt; 100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment duration for acid suppression in patients with bleeding ulcers?

    <p>1 to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of terlipressin on blood vessels in bleeding varices?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are prophylactic antibiotics administered in patients with bleeding ulcers?

    <p>To prevent bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should central venous monitoring and ICU monitoring be indicated?

    <p>In hemodynamically unstable patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of octreotide and somatostatin in the management of bleeding varices?

    <p>Inhibiting secretion of many hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

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