18 Questions
What is the typical symptom of slow, chronic blood loss in GI bleeding?
Fatigue and exertional dyspnea
What is the probable source of bleeding if a patient presents with fresh bleeding per rectum with blood clots?
Lower GI source
What is the initial step in the management of GI bleeding?
Establishing an IV line
What is the purpose of assessing orthostatic changes in a patient with GI bleeding?
To determine the severity of hypovolemia
What is the significance of a history of recent dyspepsia in a patient with GI bleeding?
It is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease
What is the purpose of conducting laboratory investigations in a patient with GI bleeding?
To guide management and transfusion decisions
What is the approximate increase in Hb concentration after transfusing 1 unit of packed cells?
0.5mg/dL
What is the primary method of endoscopic treatment for variceal bleeding?
Band ligation
What is the percentage of lower GI bleeding that presents as hematochezia?
90%
What is the typical volume of a unit of packed cells?
250 mL
What is the definition of massive transfusion?
Greater than 1 blood volume or 10 units transfused within 24 hours
What is the primary source of blood passed per rectum in lower GI bleeding?
Upper GI tract
What is the primary goal of administering crystalloid or colloid solutions during resuscitation?
To achieve a SBP > 100 mmHg
What is the recommended treatment duration for acid suppression in patients with bleeding ulcers?
1 to 5 days
What is the primary effect of terlipressin on blood vessels in bleeding varices?
Vasoconstriction
Why are prophylactic antibiotics administered in patients with bleeding ulcers?
To prevent bacterial infections
When should central venous monitoring and ICU monitoring be indicated?
In hemodynamically unstable patients
What is the primary action of octreotide and somatostatin in the management of bleeding varices?
Inhibiting secretion of many hormones
Test your knowledge on gastrointestinal bleeding, including upper and lower GI bleeding, clinical presentations, and management approaches. Identify the causes and symptoms of hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia, and learn how to approach a case of GI bleeding.
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