10 Questions
Which muscle forms the ligament of Treitz?
Suspensory muscle of the duodenum
What does hematemesis refer to?
Vomiting of fresh or old blood
What does melena indicate about the source of bleeding?
Significant bleeding from an upper GI source
What is the definition of lower GI bleeding?
Blood loss originating from within the alimentary tract distal to the ligament of Treitz
What is the ligament of Treitz named after?
Dr. Václav Treitz
Which one of the following is a clinical presentation of upper GI bleeding?
Hematemesis
Which one of the following is a clinical presentation of lower GI bleeding?
Hematochezia
What does coffee ground emesis indicate about the source of bleeding?
Old bleeding
Which one of the following may be the source of upper GI bleeding?
Ligament of Treitz
What does occult bleeding refer to?
Bleeding not apparent to patient
Study Notes
Upper and Lower GI Bleeding
- The muscle that forms the ligament of Treitz is the suspensory muscle of the duodenum.
Upper GI Bleeding
- Hematemesis refers to the vomiting of blood.
- Coffee ground emesis indicates that the source of bleeding is from the upper GI tract, as the acid in the stomach breaks down the blood, giving it a coffee ground appearance.
- Sources of upper GI bleeding may include esophageal varices, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignant tumors.
Lower GI Bleeding
- Melena indicates that the source of bleeding is from the upper GI tract, as the black tarry stools are a result of the blood being oxidized by the acid in the stomach.
- The definition of lower GI bleeding is bleeding that occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz.
- Clinical presentations of lower GI bleeding include hematochezia (passage of bright red blood per rectum) and tenesmus (painful bowel movements).
Ligament of Treitz
- The ligament of Treitz is named after Václav Treitz, a Czech anatomist.
- The ligament of Treitz is a fibromuscular fold that suspends the duodenojejunal junction from the retroperitoneum.
Occult Bleeding
- Occult bleeding refers to bleeding that is not visible or apparent, but is detected through the presence of blood in the stool or by laboratory tests.
Test your knowledge on the medical and surgical approaches to upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Learn about the ligament of Treitz and its significance in determining the origin of bleeding.
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