Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two components of the normal anti-reflux barrier?
What are the two components of the normal anti-reflux barrier?
What does GERD stand for?
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of GERD?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of GERD?
What is a potential complication of GERD?
What is a potential complication of GERD?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of antacids?
What is the primary function of antacids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a common antacid ingredient?
Which of the following is NOT a common antacid ingredient?
Signup and view all the answers
Antacids provide long-lasting relief from GERD symptoms.
Antacids provide long-lasting relief from GERD symptoms.
Signup and view all the answers
Anti-secretory therapies for GERD focus on increasing the production of stomach acid.
Anti-secretory therapies for GERD focus on increasing the production of stomach acid.
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of receptor do H2-receptor antagonists block?
Which type of receptor do H2-receptor antagonists block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an example of an H2-receptor antagonist??
Which of the following is NOT an example of an H2-receptor antagonist??
Signup and view all the answers
H2-receptor antagonists work by permanently inhibiting the H2 receptor.
H2-receptor antagonists work by permanently inhibiting the H2 receptor.
Signup and view all the answers
Cimetidine can cause drug-drug interactions due to its ability to inhibit CYP450 enzymes.
Cimetidine can cause drug-drug interactions due to its ability to inhibit CYP450 enzymes.
Signup and view all the answers
Ranitidine is effective in healing erosive esophagitis.
Ranitidine is effective in healing erosive esophagitis.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an example of a PPI?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a PPI?
Signup and view all the answers
PPIs form a temporary bond with the proton pump.
PPIs form a temporary bond with the proton pump.
Signup and view all the answers
PPIs can completely inhibit stomach acid production.
PPIs can completely inhibit stomach acid production.
Signup and view all the answers
PPIs should be taken on-demand, as needed.
PPIs should be taken on-demand, as needed.
Signup and view all the answers
PPIs are known for their common and severe adverse effects.
PPIs are known for their common and severe adverse effects.
Signup and view all the answers
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is primarily caused by the overuse of antibiotics.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is primarily caused by the overuse of antibiotics.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the hallmark symptom of PUD?
What is the hallmark symptom of PUD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a possible symptom of PUD?
Which of the following is NOT a possible symptom of PUD?
Signup and view all the answers
H. pylori is a gram-positive bacteria.
H. pylori is a gram-positive bacteria.
Signup and view all the answers
NSAID use is a major cause of PUD.
NSAID use is a major cause of PUD.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatment strategies is recommended for H. pylori-related PUD?
Which of the following treatment strategies is recommended for H. pylori-related PUD?
Signup and view all the answers
Triple therapy is generally successful in curing H. pylori infection.
Triple therapy is generally successful in curing H. pylori infection.
Signup and view all the answers
PPIs are more effective than H2-receptor antagonists in treating NSAID-induced PUD.
PPIs are more effective than H2-receptor antagonists in treating NSAID-induced PUD.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a cytoprotective therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a cytoprotective therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Misoprostol is contraindicated in pregnant women.
Misoprostol is contraindicated in pregnant women.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?
What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?
Signup and view all the answers
Bismuth can neutralize stomach acid.
Bismuth can neutralize stomach acid.
Signup and view all the answers
Bismuth is safe to use with aspirin.
Bismuth is safe to use with aspirin.
Signup and view all the answers
Long-term use of bismuth is associated with a low risk of toxicity.
Long-term use of bismuth is associated with a low risk of toxicity.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Esophagus structure and gastroesophageal junction discussed
- Normal anti-reflux barrier: diaphragm and lower esophageal sphincter
- GERD: symptoms and/or esophageal damage from refluxing stomach contents
- Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, postprandial symptoms, and position-related discomfort
- Antacids provide relief by neutralizing stomach acid
GERD Complications
- Erosive esophagitis: damage to the esophageal lining
- Peptic stricture: scar tissue narrows the esophagus
- Barrett's esophagus: tissue changes increasing risk of esophageal cancer
- Esophageal cancer: a serious complication of chronic GERD
Antacids
- Weak bases neutralizing stomach acid
- Quick onset (5-10 minutes) but short duration (30-60 minutes)
- Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium carbonate can be combined
- Suitable for intermittent, mild symptoms that occur less frequently
Anti-Secretory Therapies
- Focus on blocking the parietal cells within the stomach lining from producing acid
- Targeting the ability of parietal cells to produce stomach acid
H2-receptor Antagonists (H2-RAs)
- Block histamine 2 receptors, decreasing gastric acid secretion by competitive inhibition
- Examples: Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), Cimetidine (Tagamet)
- 30-45 minutes for onset of action, lasts for 4-10 hours
- Fewer side effects than PPIs, but less effective in healing erosive esophagitis
- Should not be used long term due to potential for reduced efficacy
- Cimetidine inhibits CYP450 enzymes
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Most potent acid-secretion inhibitors
- Create a stable, irreversible bond with the proton pump, leading to long-lasting effects
- Reduce gastric acid by 90%
- Useful for healing erosive esophagitis
- Take 30 minutes before the first meal daily
- Examples: Omeprazole (Prilosec), Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Lifestyle Modifications for GERD
- Elevate the head of the bed to reduce acid reflux during sleep
- Avoid large meals/snacks close to bedtime
- Avoid foods and drinks that trigger GERD symptoms (e.g., caffeine, chocolate, alcohol)
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid smoking
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
- Defects in gastric mucosa due to gastric secretions
- Associated symptoms: pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, heartburn, weight loss, and hematemesis
- Common cause: H. pylori infection or NSAID overuse
- NSAID use weakens the stomach lining by blocking production of cytoprotective prostaglandins
- Treatment often includes a triple therapy of PPI combined with multiple antibiotics and ongoing acid control
Cytoprotective Therapies
- Misoprostol: blocks parietal cell cAMP production response to histamine
- Sucralfate (Carafate): binds to injured tissue, reducing pepsin and acid exposure
- Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol): inhibits pepsin activity, coats the ulcer and suppresses H. pylori infection
- Contraindications to use in pregnant women or in patients that use aspirin (salicylates).
- Potential side effects can occur with long-term use
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the essentials of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), including its symptoms, complications, and treatments. Explore the anatomy involved, the role of antacids, and anti-secretory therapies. Test your knowledge on how GERD affects the esophagus and the associated risks.
