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Questions and Answers
Which type of gastritis is characterized by loss of native glands and replaced by fibrosis?
What is a typical symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Which condition involves multiple superficial erosions of the gastric mucosa?
What is a significant risk factor for developing GERD?
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Which of the following is NOT a red flag symptom in GERD?
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Which of the following is a chronic complication of peptic ulcer disease?
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What is a common atypical symptom of GERD?
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Which gastroenterological condition involves gastric mucosa inflammation predominantly by neutrophilic infiltrate?
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What is a notable oral manifestation of Crohn disease?
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Which treatment is typically recommended for symptomatic oral lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
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What type of gastritis is commonly associated with infections and certain medications?
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Which of the following is a frequent preventive measure in dental management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
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What type of rinse is often suggested for managing oral manifestations in Crohn disease patients?
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Which condition is commonly linked as an etiology of gastritis?
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What is one characteristic feature of Crohn disease that can manifest in the oral cavity?
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In the context of non-infectious causes of gastritis, which one of the following is considered?
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What is a common lifestyle change recommended for patients with GERD?
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What is the standard pharmacological therapy for managing GERD?
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What oral manifestation is commonly associated with GERD?
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Which deficiency is directly linked to pernicious anemia?
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What condition is likely to result from folic acid deficiency?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis?
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What is a significant extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease?
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Which oral manifestation is commonly associated with ulcerative colitis?
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Crohn's disease differs from ulcerative colitis in that it can manifest...
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Which laboratory finding is typically elevated in patients with ulcerative colitis?
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What oral lesion may develop in ulcerative colitis patients and is associated with HIV?
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Which condition is characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation of the rectum, colon, and cecum?
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Microcytic hypochromic anemia may be associated with which gastrointestinal condition?
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Study Notes
Gastroenterology Overview
- Focus on common gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases: signs, symptoms, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, management, and significance to dental practice.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
- Includes Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis.
- Characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation affecting colon in ulcerative colitis, and any GIT area in Crohn's.
Ulcerative Colitis
- Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fecal urgency.
- Laboratory findings: Elevated inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP), increased fecal calprotectin.
Extra-Intestinal Manifestations
- Erythema nodosum, retinitis, microcytic hypochromic anemia, leucocytosis.
Oral Manifestations
- Major/minor aphthous ulcers found on buccal mucosa.
- Pyostomatitis vegetans presents as purulent inflammation, commonly on buccal/labial mucosa.
- Patients may develop hairy leukoplakia, linked to HIV.
Crohn Disease
- Etiology unclear; affects any part of the GIT.
Oral Manifestations
- Cobblestone mucosal architecture, linear deep ulcers.
- Diffuse swelling of lips and facial areas, indurated polypoid lesions in vestibule.
Dental Management of IBD
- Routine dental care for monitoring oral health.
- Diagnosis of oral lesions.
- Palliative treatments include sodium bicarbonate mouth rinses and topical steroids.
- Dexamethasone elixir for extensive lesions in oropharynx.
Gastritis
- Inflammatory process of gastric mucosa due to H. pylori or NSAID usage.
Etiology Classification
- Infectious (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) and non-infectious (medications, systemic diseases).
- Acute vs. chronic gastritis, with chronic potentially atrophic or erosive.
Gastritis Types
- Acute gastritis: Neutrophilic infiltrate.
- Chronic gastritis: Mononuclear infiltrate, tissue architecture loss.
- Atrophic gastritis: Loss of native glands, fibrosis/metaplasia.
- Erosive gastritis: Superficial erosions that may cause bleeding.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
- Oral manifestations may include xerostomia, altered taste perception, mucosal pallor, anemia, and gingival bleeding.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Characterized by regurgitation of stomach contents, leading to symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation.
Etiology and Risk Factors
- Includes smoking, alcohol, caffeine, stress, obesity, pregnancy, scleroderma, sliding hiatal hernia.
Clinical Features
- Typical: Retrosternal burning, regurgitation, dysphagia.
- Red flags include dysphagia, anemia, unintentional weight loss, and GI bleeding.
Diagnostics and Treatment
- EGD indicated for red flags or unresponsive cases. Esophageal pH monitoring is not routine.
- Pharmacological management with PPIs, lifestyle modifications like weight loss and elevating the head of bed.
Oral Manifestations of GERD
- Dysgeusia, erosion, mucosal erythema, xerostomia, esophageal stricture.
Dental Management of GERD
- Sodium bicarbonate mouth rinses for dysgeusia, topical fluoride for mineralization, and salivary substitutes may be prescribed.
Disorders of Gastrointestinal Malabsorption
- Pernicious anemia occurs due to Vitamin B12 deficiency from gastric mucosa atrophy, leading to macrocytic normochromic anemia.
Diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia
- Serum Vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels.
Oral Manifestations
- Beefy red tongue, glossitis, burning mouth sensation.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
- Macrocytic anemia due to lack of folic acid in diets low in leafy vegetables.
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Description
Test your knowledge on common gastrointestinal diseases, particularly focusing on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases like Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis. This quiz covers symptoms, clinical manifestations, management, and their significance in dental practice. Dive into specific aspects such as extra-intestinal and oral manifestations for a comprehensive understanding.
