29 Questions
What is the normal daily water intake in the GI tract?
9 liters
What is the maximum water content in the stool at the end of the day for normal intestinal function?
200 mL
What is the driving force for water reabsorption in the intestine?
Sodium
Which of the following regulates chloride gates for water secretion in the intestine?
Intracellular Calcium levels
What influences cAMP levels, which in turn regulate chloride channels in the intestine?
Endogenous and exogenous factors
In a condition where the water content of stool exceeds 200 mL per day, what type of condition does it bring about?
Watery condition
Which factor influences cyclic AMP production in the context of cholera diarrhea?
Vibrio secretes cholera toxin
What is the main effect of enkephalin on cAMP levels?
Closure of chloride gates
Which enzyme neutralizes the effect of enkephalins?
Enkephalinase
What is a potential effect of inhibiting enkephalinase?
Decreased water secretion
What is the classification for diarrhea with a duration of 2-3 weeks?
Chronic diarrhea
What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea?
Infectious agents
What is the main mode of transmission for infectious diarrhea?
Fecal-oral route
'Fever', 'nausea', and 'vomiting' are common clinical manifestations of:
Acute diarrhea
What is the incidence of ulcerative colitis in North America per person-years?
0 - 19.2 per 100,000
At what age does ulcerative colitis typically onset?
Second to fourth decades and seventh to ninth decades
Which ethnicity has the highest risk of ulcerative colitis?
Jewish
What is the female to male ratio in ulcerative colitis?
0.51 – 1.58
Which factor may prevent ulcerative colitis according to the provided data?
Appendectomy
In ulcerative colitis, what is the most common segmental distribution of the lesion?
Rectal involvement
What is the primary cause of chronic state of dysregulated mucosal immune function in individuals genetically predisposed to IBD?
Defective immune regulation and environmental factors combined
Which genetic syndromes are associated with IBD, according to the provided data?
Turner’s Syndrome and Hypergammaglobulinemia
What is the normal function of the GI mucosal immune system in response to luminal contents?
Unreactive due to oral tolerance
What is indicative of Crohn’s disease when seen in biopsy?
Granuloma
When inflammation heals with fibrosis and strictures, what does it lead to?
Obstructions
What is the imbalance between in IBD where pro-inflammatory mediators predominate?
Defective immune regulation
In Crohn’s disease patient, what immune response is observed against certain components?
- Immune response vs Ompc and Flagellin
What are the potential beneficial effects noted in Crohn’s disease patient in relation to certain antibiotics and diet?
- Immune response vs inhibitory cytokines
What manifestations are commonly observed in Crohn’s disease?
Intra-abdominal abscess and thickened bowel wall
Test your knowledge on the normal intestinal function and diarrhea with Dr. Roberto Lopez. Learn about the sources of water in the gastrointestinal tract, the daily intake of water, and the absorption process. Understand the conditions affecting water content in the intestines.
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