Gastroenterology: Diarrhea and Intestinal Water Absorption
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal daily water intake in the GI tract?

  • 2 liters
  • 3 liters
  • 200 mL
  • 9 liters (correct)
  • What is the maximum water content in the stool at the end of the day for normal intestinal function?

  • 9 liters
  • 200 mL (correct)
  • 8.8 liters
  • 1 liter
  • What is the driving force for water reabsorption in the intestine?

  • Calcium
  • Chloride
  • Potassium
  • Sodium (correct)
  • Which of the following regulates chloride gates for water secretion in the intestine?

    <p>Intracellular Calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences cAMP levels, which in turn regulate chloride channels in the intestine?

    <p>Endogenous and exogenous factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a condition where the water content of stool exceeds 200 mL per day, what type of condition does it bring about?

    <p>Watery condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences cyclic AMP production in the context of cholera diarrhea?

    <p>Vibrio secretes cholera toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of enkephalin on cAMP levels?

    <p>Closure of chloride gates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme neutralizes the effect of enkephalins?

    <p>Enkephalinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of inhibiting enkephalinase?

    <p>Decreased water secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for diarrhea with a duration of 2-3 weeks?

    <p>Chronic diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for infectious diarrhea?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fever', 'nausea', and 'vomiting' are common clinical manifestations of:

    <p>Acute diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of ulcerative colitis in North America per person-years?

    <p>0 - 19.2 per 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does ulcerative colitis typically onset?

    <p>Second to fourth decades and seventh to ninth decades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnicity has the highest risk of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Jewish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the female to male ratio in ulcerative colitis?

    <p>0.51 – 1.58</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may prevent ulcerative colitis according to the provided data?

    <p>Appendectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ulcerative colitis, what is the most common segmental distribution of the lesion?

    <p>Rectal involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chronic state of dysregulated mucosal immune function in individuals genetically predisposed to IBD?

    <p>Defective immune regulation and environmental factors combined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic syndromes are associated with IBD, according to the provided data?

    <p>Turner’s Syndrome and Hypergammaglobulinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal function of the GI mucosal immune system in response to luminal contents?

    <p>Unreactive due to oral tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicative of Crohn’s disease when seen in biopsy?

    <p>Granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When inflammation heals with fibrosis and strictures, what does it lead to?

    <p>Obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the imbalance between in IBD where pro-inflammatory mediators predominate?

    <p>Defective immune regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Crohn’s disease patient, what immune response is observed against certain components?

    <ul> <li>Immune response vs Ompc and Flagellin</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential beneficial effects noted in Crohn’s disease patient in relation to certain antibiotics and diet?

    <ul> <li>Immune response vs inhibitory cytokines</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What manifestations are commonly observed in Crohn’s disease?

    <p>Intra-abdominal abscess and thickened bowel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

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