Gastric and Intestinal Physiology Quiz

<p>Tight junctions between epithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rennin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is required for vitamin B12 absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase gastric tone or inhibit gastric accommodation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of malignancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert chyme into faeces for excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tenia coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of digestive enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent binding to cysteine residues on the H+/K+ ATPase pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can maintain an intragastric pH of ≥ 3 for 17 hours. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They irreversibly inhibit the secretion of gastric acid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gets converted to sulfenamide in the presence of acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CYP2C19 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficacy is closely linked to plasma concentrations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.8 to 5.0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observed treatment-related adverse events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as a dopamine D2 antagonist and serotonin agonist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cisapride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious cardiac risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances peristalsis by acting on motilin receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only in women with chronic constipation unresponsive to other treatments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common side effects include drowsiness and restlessness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance the motility of smooth muscle cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It blocks the action of serotonergic agonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vagal nerve damage during surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote the passage of ingested material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dietary modifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bloating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastroparesis involves delayed gastric emptying. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple stimulation of gut motility may not be valid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialized cells in the stomach lining that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

A protein-digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells in the stomach in its inactive form, pepsinogen.

A group of symptoms that can indicate a disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including upper abdominal pain, heartburn, gastric reflux, nausea, or vomiting.

A protective layer of mucus and bicarbonate lining the stomach, shielding it from its own acidic secretions.

A type of medication that neutralizes stomach acid, providing relief from indigestion and heartburn.

A protein required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

Drugs that reduce stomach acid production by blocking the proton pump, a key enzyme in acid secretion.

Medications that block the H2 receptor, which is responsible for stimulating gastric acid secretion.

A type of medication that inhibits the production of gastric acid by directly blocking the proton pump, H+/K+ ATPase.

A covalent bond forms between the PPI and the H+/K+ ATPase pump, blocking acid secretion for up to 36 hours.

PPIs are initially inactive and become active inside the stomach's acidic environment.

The active form of PPIs attaches to the H+/K+ ATPase pump, preventing acid secretion.

A measure of how acidic a drug molecule becomes at a specific pH.

Treatment regimens aimed at eradicating H pylori, a bacteria commonly associated with gastritis and ulcers.

These regimens typically combine a PPI with two antibiotics to effectively eliminate H pylori.

Omeprazole is a PPI that inhibits the breakdown of other medications by CYP2C19.

A condition where the stomach empties food slowly, without any physical blockage.

Delayed gastric emptying due to diabetes.

Medications that can contribute to gastroparesis.

Drugs that promote the movement of food through the digestive system.

Prokinetic agents work by stimulating the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes smooth muscle contractions in the digestive tract.

A class of medications that can cause gastroparesis as a side effect.

A medication used to treat high blood pressure that can also cause gastroparesis.

A medication that can cause gastroparesis as a side effect.

A medication that can cause gastroparesis as a side effect.

Treating gastroparesis usually involves diet changes and avoiding medications that delay stomach emptying.

The large intestine's primary function is to convert semi-digested food (chyme) into solid waste (feces) for excretion.

The large intestine lacks villi, the finger-like projections found in the small intestine, but instead has numerous crypts of Lieberkühn.

Goblet cells, present within the crypts of Lieberkühn, secrete mucus to protect the colon from irritation, lubricate the passage of feces, and neutralize any remaining acids.

The longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is modified into three bands called tenia coli, which are shorter than the colon itself, resulting in sacculations called haustra.

The colon absorbs water, sodium, chloride, and other electrolytes, contributing to the formation of solid feces.

Drugs that enhance gastrointestinal motility by stimulating muscle contractions in the digestive tract.

A class of prokinetic drugs that work by blocking dopamine receptors, mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).

A dopamine antagonist drug that stimulates peristalsis by releasing acetylcholine. It is used for nausea and vomiting and can help with gastroparesis.

A selective serotonin 5HT4 receptor agonist used to treat chronic constipation, particularly in women.

A class of prokinetic drugs that enhance peristalsis by acting on motilin receptors, a hormone that regulates gastric motility.

A macrolide antibiotic that acts as a motilides, enhancing peristalsis by stimulating motilin receptors, leading to increased gastric emptying.

A class of prokinetic drugs that stimulate serotonin receptors (5HT4 receptors) to release acetylcholine, increasing peristalsis.

A common side effect of metoclopramide that can range from mild to severe. It may include symptoms like drowsiness, restlessness, and diarrhoea.

Drugs that block the effects of dopamine in the central nervous system (CNS) and at the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) can be used as anti-emetics and to stimulate peristalsis.

A type of dopamine antagonist that may have an increased risk of a type of abnormal heart rhythm called 'torsades de pointes'.