Gastric Acid Secretion and Regulation

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid?

  • Chief cells
  • Mucous cells
  • G cells
  • Parietal cells (correct)

What role does gastrin play in stomach secretion regulation?

  • Inhibits the secretion of mucus
  • Inhibits production of hydrochloric acid
  • Stimulates parietal cells and other cells (correct)
  • Secretes cholecystokinin

What is the function of somatostatin in gastric secretion?

  • Facilitates the release of histamine
  • Inhibits gastric secretions (correct)
  • Enhances mucous secretion
  • Stimulates secretion of hydrochloric acid

Which cell type secretes the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)?

<p>I cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine?

<p>Pyloric sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histamine in the stomach?

<p>Stimulates parietal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells produces histamine?

<p>ECL cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the vagus nerve in stomach function?

<p>Transmits signals from the brain to the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of D cells in the stomach?

<p>Inhibit gastric secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily involved in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid from parietal cells?

<p>Histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for secreting pepsinogen in the stomach?

<p>Chief cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does acetylcholine (ACh) play in gastric secretion regulation?

<p>Acts as a neurotransmitter to enhance secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the stomach to the first part of the small intestine?

<p>Pyloric sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)?

<p>K cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the vagus nerve in the context of gastric secretions?

<p>Carries signals to stimulate gastric secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance primarily inhibits gastric secretions?

<p>Somatostatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Antrum

The bottom part of the stomach containing the pyloric sphincter.

Gastrin

A hormone that stimulates gastric secretions, including hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that stimulates stomach secretions, including acetylcholine, gastric acid, and gastrin.

Somatostatin

A hormone that inhibits stomach secretions.

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Parietal cells

Cells in the stomach lining that secrete hydrochloric acid, a key component in digestion.

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Chief cells

Cells in the stomach lining that secrete pepsinogen, an inactive precursor to pepsin, a digestive enzyme.

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Pyloric sphincter

A muscle at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of food into the small intestine.

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Cardia

The top part of the stomach connected to the esophagus.

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What is the role of gastrin in stomach secretions?

A hormone secreted by G cells in the stomach lining that stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. It also stimulates the release of other gastric secretions.

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What does somatostatin do in the stomach?

A hormone secreted by D cells in the stomach lining that inhibits the release of gastric secretions, including gastrin, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen. It acts as a brake on the digestive process.

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What are parietal cells responsible for?

Cells in the stomach lining responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl), a crucial component of gastric juice that helps to break down food and kill bacteria.

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What do chief cells secrete?

Cells in the stomach lining that secrete pepsinogen, an inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin. Pepsin is essential for the breakdown of proteins in food.

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What are ECL cells responsible for?

A specialized type of cell in the stomach that secretes histamine, a compound that stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid. This amplifies the digestive process.

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What is the fundus of the stomach?

The rounded upper region of the stomach where food is held before moving into the body of the stomach. This part primarily serves as a storage area for food.

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What is the antrum of the stomach?

The lower part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. It's responsible for mixing food with gastric juices and regulating the flow of chyme into the small intestine.

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What is the pyloric sphincter?

A ring-like muscle located at the bottom of the stomach that controls the passage of food into the small intestine. This muscle ensures that food is only released when it has been sufficiently processed in the stomach.

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Study Notes

Gastric Acid Secretion

  • The stomach lining contains various specialized cells responsible for secreting gastric acid (HCl), crucial for digestion.
  • The vagus nerve initiates the process, stimulating the release of acetylcholine (ACh).
  • ACh, acting as a signal, prompts parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl).
  • ACh also encourages the release of intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption.
  • Chief cells release pepsinogen, which is activated into pepsin by HCl, initiating protein digestion.
  • Histamine also has a role; it stimulates parietal cells to secrete more HCl. This histamine is released by ECL cells.
  • Anticipation of food can lead to the release of gastrin, which also stimulates gastric acid production.

Gastric Acid Regulation

  • Somatostatin, produced by D cells, inhibits gastrin release, acting as a negative feedback mechanism to control HCl secretion.
  • Release of various hormones from the stomach and duodenum regulate the production of HCl, pepsinogen, and other substances.
  • Other cells like I cells, S cells, K cells, and G cells play a role in the secretion of hormones like CCK, secretin, GIP, and gastrin to regulate the process.
  • CCK and secretin impact the processes within the small intestine.
  • GIP is essential for the regulation of gastric activity.
  • Mucus is crucial for protecting the stomach lining from the acidic environment.
  • G cells release gastrin, stimulating HCl secretion.
  • The hormone GRP (gastrin-releasing peptide) directly stimulates G cells to produce gastrin.

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