Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, which of the following statements is true regarding collisions between gas particles?
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, which of the following statements is true regarding collisions between gas particles?
- Collisions are perfectly inelastic, with significant heat generation.
- Collisions result in a net loss of kinetic energy.
- Collisions are perfectly elastic, conserving total kinetic energy. (correct)
- Collisions cause gas particles to stick together, reducing pressure.
Gases have high densities compared to liquids and solids.
Gases have high densities compared to liquids and solids.
False (B)
What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of gas molecules and the temperature, as described by the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of gas molecules and the temperature, as described by the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
proportional
Gas pressure is a result of the collisions of gas particles with the walls of the ______.
Gas pressure is a result of the collisions of gas particles with the walls of the ______.
Which of the following conditions would result in higher gas pressure inside a closed container?
Which of the following conditions would result in higher gas pressure inside a closed container?
Why is it important to use Kelvin, and not Celsius, when performing calculations using the gas laws?
Why is it important to use Kelvin, and not Celsius, when performing calculations using the gas laws?
Match each variable with its standard unit of measurement for gases:
Match each variable with its standard unit of measurement for gases:
Which statement best describes the compressibility of gases?
Which statement best describes the compressibility of gases?
Which gas law explains why a balloon shrinks when taken outside in the cold?
Which gas law explains why a balloon shrinks when taken outside in the cold?
Boyle's Law describes the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure.
Boyle's Law describes the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure.
According to Avogadro's Law, what variable is directly proportional to the volume of a gas, assuming constant temperature and pressure?
According to Avogadro's Law, what variable is directly proportional to the volume of a gas, assuming constant temperature and pressure?
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, pressure is directly proportional to ______ when volume is held constant.
According to Gay-Lussac's Law, pressure is directly proportional to ______ when volume is held constant.
If the amount of gas in a container is doubled, what happens to the volume, assuming constant temperature and pressure?
If the amount of gas in a container is doubled, what happens to the volume, assuming constant temperature and pressure?
A gas occupies 10.0 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the pressure is doubled while keeping the temperature constant, what is the new volume of the gas?
A gas occupies 10.0 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the pressure is doubled while keeping the temperature constant, what is the new volume of the gas?
A container of gas has a pressure of 300 kPa at 27°C. If the temperature is increased to 227°C, what is the new pressure, assuming the volume is constant?
A container of gas has a pressure of 300 kPa at 27°C. If the temperature is increased to 227°C, what is the new pressure, assuming the volume is constant?
Match the gas law with its corresponding relationship:
Match the gas law with its corresponding relationship:
Which of the following sets of units correctly corresponds to the variables volume (V), pressure (P), amount in moles (n), and temperature (T), respectively?
Which of the following sets of units correctly corresponds to the variables volume (V), pressure (P), amount in moles (n), and temperature (T), respectively?
Convert 785 mmHg to atm. Express your answer to two decimal places.
Convert 785 mmHg to atm. Express your answer to two decimal places.
To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, one must add ______ to the Celsius temperature.
To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, one must add ______ to the Celsius temperature.
A gas occupies 0.346 L at 298 K and 201 kPa. What will the volume be at 152 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant?
A gas occupies 0.346 L at 298 K and 201 kPa. What will the volume be at 152 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant?
If the temperature of a gas in a rigid container increases, the pressure will also increase.
If the temperature of a gas in a rigid container increases, the pressure will also increase.
The pressure of a CO2 sample is 2.00 atm at 30.45 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is increased to 92.01 degrees Celsius, what will the new pressure be (in atm)? Express your answer to two decimal places.
The pressure of a CO2 sample is 2.00 atm at 30.45 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is increased to 92.01 degrees Celsius, what will the new pressure be (in atm)? Express your answer to two decimal places.
A balloon has a volume of 4.21 L at 25.0 °C. What will be the volume of the balloon when the temperature is 50.0 °C, assuming the pressure stays constant?
A balloon has a volume of 4.21 L at 25.0 °C. What will be the volume of the balloon when the temperature is 50.0 °C, assuming the pressure stays constant?
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.369 moles of a gas occupies 9.75 L. How many moles of the same gas are present in a 7.00 L container under the same conditions? Express your answer to two decimal places.
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.369 moles of a gas occupies 9.75 L. How many moles of the same gas are present in a 7.00 L container under the same conditions? Express your answer to two decimal places.
Flashcards
Gas Properties
Gas Properties
Gases expand to fill their container, are highly compressible, mix evenly, and have low densities.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A model describing gas behavior with assumptions about particle size, motion, collisions, and intermolecular forces.
Gas Particle Size
Gas Particle Size
Gas particles are tiny compared to the space between them, and treated as point-masses.
Gas Particle Motion
Gas Particle Motion
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Elastic Collisions
Elastic Collisions
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Intermolecular Forces in Gases
Intermolecular Forces in Gases
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Kinetic Energy & Temperature
Kinetic Energy & Temperature
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Gas Pressure
Gas Pressure
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Boyle's Law
Boyle's Law
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Charles's Law
Charles's Law
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Gay-Lussac's Law
Gay-Lussac's Law
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Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
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Boyle's Law Equation
Boyle's Law Equation
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Charles's Law Equation
Charles's Law Equation
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Gay-Lussac's Law Equation
Gay-Lussac's Law Equation
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Avogadro's Law Equation
Avogadro's Law Equation
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Atmosphere (atm)
Atmosphere (atm)
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Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
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Torr
Torr
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Kilopascal (kPa)
Kilopascal (kPa)
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Moles (n)
Moles (n)
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Kelvin (K)
Kelvin (K)
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Volume (V)
Volume (V)
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Pressure (P)
Pressure (P)
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Study Notes
- Gases take the volume and shape of their container
- Gases are highly compressible
- Gases mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container
- Gases have low densities compared to liquids and solids
Kinetic Molecular Theory Assumptions
- Gas sample particles are very small relative to the distances between them, making their size negligible and treatable as point-masses
- Gas particles are in constant random motion, moving in straight lines until colliding with each other or the container walls
- Collisions are perfectly elastic, meaning no energy is lost or gained, only transferred
- Gas particles don't attract or repel each other
- The average kinetic energy of molecules is proportional to the temperature of the particles measured in Kelvin
- Gas pressure comes from the collisions of the particles with the walls of the container; more collisions or collisions with more force result in higher pressure
Key Variables for Gases
- Pressure (P): Measures the force per unit area
- 760 torr = 101.3 kPa = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
- Volume (V): Measures the space that something occupies
- 1 L = 1000 ml
- Temperature (T): Measures the average kinetic energy of the particles, Kelvin only
- °C + 273 = K
- Moles (n): Measures the number of particles, in moles
Pressure Measurement
- Pressure was traditionally measured using a barometer or a manometer, now pressure sensors are used
- Pressure of a gas is found by comparing the pressure of the gas with the pressure of the atmosphere (1 atm - usually) or the pressure of a vacuum (0 atm)
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law: P×V = k
- Relationship: Inverse
- Formula: P1V1 = P2V2
- Example: Squeezing a sealed water bottle gets harder as the volume decreases
- Charles' Law: V/T = k
- Relationship: Direct
- Formula: V1/T1 = V2/T2
- Example: Taking a balloon outside in the cold makes it shrink
- Gay-Lussac's Law: P/T = k
- Relationship: Direct
- Formula: P1/T1 = P2/T2
- Example: In the winter, tire pressure decreases
- Avogadro's Law: V/n = k
- Relationship: Direct
- Formula: V1/n1 = V2/n2
- Example: When you put more air into a balloon, the balloon gets larger
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