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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum recommended pressure for acetylene from a cylinder through a rubber hose?
What is the maximum recommended pressure for acetylene from a cylinder through a rubber hose?
- 2 bar
- 1 bar (correct)
- 0.5 bar
- 3.5 bar
What pressure range is recommended for acetylene at the welding torch in a low-pressure system?
What pressure range is recommended for acetylene at the welding torch in a low-pressure system?
- 0.06 to 0.5 bar
- 1.0 to 3.0 bar
- 0.06 to 1.0 bar (correct)
- 0.5 to 3.5 bar
What is the purpose of the back pressure valve in the gas welding system?
What is the purpose of the back pressure valve in the gas welding system?
- To prevent an explosion from gas backflow (correct)
- To clean the acetylene before usage
- To increase the pressure of the gas in the blowpipe
- To regulate the temperature of the generated gas
What is the required pressure range for oxygen at the welding torch in a high-pressure system?
What is the required pressure range for oxygen at the welding torch in a high-pressure system?
What equipment is replaced in the low-pressure system of gas welding instead of an acetylene cylinder?
What equipment is replaced in the low-pressure system of gas welding instead of an acetylene cylinder?
What is the primary purpose of the high pressure liquid medium in hydrostatic extrusion?
What is the primary purpose of the high pressure liquid medium in hydrostatic extrusion?
Which material is mentioned as being extrudable through hydrostatic extrusion, despite its brittleness?
Which material is mentioned as being extrudable through hydrostatic extrusion, despite its brittleness?
What effect does hydrostatic pressure have on the material during extrusion?
What effect does hydrostatic pressure have on the material during extrusion?
What is a significant advantage of using a pressurized fluid in the hydrostatic extrusion process?
What is a significant advantage of using a pressurized fluid in the hydrostatic extrusion process?
Which of the following is a potential drawback of hydrostatic extrusion?
Which of the following is a potential drawback of hydrostatic extrusion?
What speed range is specified for impact extrusion?
What speed range is specified for impact extrusion?
What is the main characteristic of a material that can be extruded through hydrostatic extrusion?
What is the main characteristic of a material that can be extruded through hydrostatic extrusion?
Which type of welding is preferable for plates thicker than 20 mm?
Which type of welding is preferable for plates thicker than 20 mm?
What defines a butt joint in welding?
What defines a butt joint in welding?
How much should the members in a lap joint overlap?
How much should the members in a lap joint overlap?
Which joint is used to connect two pieces at approximately right angles?
Which joint is used to connect two pieces at approximately right angles?
What type of weld is described as a single run of weld metal?
What type of weld is described as a single run of weld metal?
In which welding type is filler metal deposited at the corner of intersecting surfaces?
In which welding type is filler metal deposited at the corner of intersecting surfaces?
What is the primary purpose of clamping pieces during welding?
What is the primary purpose of clamping pieces during welding?
Which joint joins the edges of two pieces while keeping surface areas parallel?
Which joint joins the edges of two pieces while keeping surface areas parallel?
Which type of weld has filler material deposited in a groove formed by edge preparation?
Which type of weld has filler material deposited in a groove formed by edge preparation?
What is the primary disadvantage of gas welding for thick materials?
What is the primary disadvantage of gas welding for thick materials?
What is a primary advantage of continuous extrusion?
What is a primary advantage of continuous extrusion?
Which materials can be extruded using the continuous extrusion process?
Which materials can be extruded using the continuous extrusion process?
In helical extrusion, how is the copper billet initially formed?
In helical extrusion, how is the copper billet initially formed?
What is a significant benefit of explosive extrusion?
What is a significant benefit of explosive extrusion?
What happens to the swarf produced during helical extrusion?
What happens to the swarf produced during helical extrusion?
Which statement about continuous extrusion is incorrect?
Which statement about continuous extrusion is incorrect?
Which method is specifically designed for enhancing the concentricity and surface quality of tubes?
Which method is specifically designed for enhancing the concentricity and surface quality of tubes?
What is a limitation of the Mannesmann process and hot cupping techniques?
What is a limitation of the Mannesmann process and hot cupping techniques?
During explosive extrusion, what initiates the process?
During explosive extrusion, what initiates the process?
In the Assel Elongator method, what design feature do the rolls have?
In the Assel Elongator method, what design feature do the rolls have?
What role does the compression disk play in explosive extrusion?
What role does the compression disk play in explosive extrusion?
Which of the following processes is explicitly limited to non-ferrous metals?
Which of the following processes is explicitly limited to non-ferrous metals?
How does the Pilger rolling mill change the dimensions of the pass during operation?
How does the Pilger rolling mill change the dimensions of the pass during operation?
Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for hot reduction of hollow shells?
Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for hot reduction of hollow shells?
What is the primary role of the mandrel in the Pilger rolling process?
What is the primary role of the mandrel in the Pilger rolling process?
Which process is characterized by its use of three driven rolls for hollow shells?
Which process is characterized by its use of three driven rolls for hollow shells?
What is a unique feature of the Pilger rolling mill's operation?
What is a unique feature of the Pilger rolling mill's operation?
What is the main advantage of using a three-roll piercing mill over traditional methods?
What is the main advantage of using a three-roll piercing mill over traditional methods?
What happens to the dimensions of the pass in the Pilger process when the shell is being fed in?
What happens to the dimensions of the pass in the Pilger process when the shell is being fed in?
What is the purpose of the pressure regulator on gas cylinders?
What is the purpose of the pressure regulator on gas cylinders?
How are the oxygen and acetylene cylinders differentiated in terms of threading?
How are the oxygen and acetylene cylinders differentiated in terms of threading?
What component of the gas welding system is responsible for delivering the mixed gas to the nozzle?
What component of the gas welding system is responsible for delivering the mixed gas to the nozzle?
Why is the graduated adjusting screw important in the pressure regulation process?
Why is the graduated adjusting screw important in the pressure regulation process?
What role do the control valves on the blowpipe serve?
What role do the control valves on the blowpipe serve?
What is the primary reason for using electric resistance welding in tube production?
What is the primary reason for using electric resistance welding in tube production?
Which electric welding method is specifically mentioned as suitable for thick-walled tubes?
Which electric welding method is specifically mentioned as suitable for thick-walled tubes?
What is a critical step that follows the hot piercing method in tube production?
What is a critical step that follows the hot piercing method in tube production?
What is the purpose of using a cutter tool after the welding process?
What is the purpose of using a cutter tool after the welding process?
How does the hot drawing process affect the dimensions of the tube being produced?
How does the hot drawing process affect the dimensions of the tube being produced?
For which types of materials is argon-arc welding primarily used?
For which types of materials is argon-arc welding primarily used?
What role does the plunger play during the hot piercing process in tube manufacturing?
What role does the plunger play during the hot piercing process in tube manufacturing?
What is a primary reason for the widespread use of welding in construction?
What is a primary reason for the widespread use of welding in construction?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of welded joints compared to riveted joints?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of welded joints compared to riveted joints?
What is a notable drawback of welded joints?
What is a notable drawback of welded joints?
Why is welding crucial in automotive and aviation industries?
Why is welding crucial in automotive and aviation industries?
Which challenge can significantly affect the quality of welded joints?
Which challenge can significantly affect the quality of welded joints?
What aspect of welded joints contributes to their strong performance under static loading?
What aspect of welded joints contributes to their strong performance under static loading?
In what scenario is welding particularly advantageous regarding broken parts?
In what scenario is welding particularly advantageous regarding broken parts?
What is a significant factor in the choice of welding over casting in modern manufacturing?
What is a significant factor in the choice of welding over casting in modern manufacturing?
What defines the future prospects of metals in fabrication?
What defines the future prospects of metals in fabrication?
Which welding process involves heating parts to a molten state without applying pressure?
Which welding process involves heating parts to a molten state without applying pressure?
In which welding classification is no filler metal used at the joint interface?
In which welding classification is no filler metal used at the joint interface?
What characterizes heterogeneous welding compared to other types?
What characterizes heterogeneous welding compared to other types?
Which welding process typically requires a longer preheating period?
Which welding process typically requires a longer preheating period?
Which of the following processes is classified as a pressure process?
Which of the following processes is classified as a pressure process?
What is a significant disadvantage of gas welding regarding the crystalline structure of the metal?
What is a significant disadvantage of gas welding regarding the crystalline structure of the metal?
What is the primary composition guideline for filler metal in homogeneous welding processes?
What is the primary composition guideline for filler metal in homogeneous welding processes?
Which statement about welding processes is most accurate?
Which statement about welding processes is most accurate?
Which of the following welding processes is NOT typically classified under fusion welding?
Which of the following welding processes is NOT typically classified under fusion welding?
What typically happens to the joint zone in electric arc welding?
What typically happens to the joint zone in electric arc welding?
What is a primary advantage of welding compared to riveting in terms of labor efficiency?
What is a primary advantage of welding compared to riveting in terms of labor efficiency?
Which statement best describes the weight comparison between welds and rivets?
Which statement best describes the weight comparison between welds and rivets?
What is a noted disadvantage of welding in comparison to casting?
What is a noted disadvantage of welding in comparison to casting?
In what way does welding provide a significant material advantage over casting?
In what way does welding provide a significant material advantage over casting?
Which classification of welding involves the use of pressure gas for heating the metals?
Which classification of welding involves the use of pressure gas for heating the metals?
What is one of the primary characteristics that makes welding preferable over casting?
What is one of the primary characteristics that makes welding preferable over casting?
Which of the following options correctly highlights welding's environmental advantage?
Which of the following options correctly highlights welding's environmental advantage?
What is a significant factor when deciding if parts should be welded rather than cast?
What is a significant factor when deciding if parts should be welded rather than cast?
Which welding process utilizes electricity to generate heat for the welding operation?
Which welding process utilizes electricity to generate heat for the welding operation?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensional properties of welded parts versus cast parts?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensional properties of welded parts versus cast parts?
Flashcards
What is cold extrusion?
What is cold extrusion?
A manufacturing process where a blank is pressed through a die to create a tube or other shape. This process is usually used to manufacture parts with a small diameter and thin walls.
What is Impact Extrusion?
What is Impact Extrusion?
A method of cold extrusion where a punch impacts the blank, pushing it through the die. It's known for speed and producing seamless tubes.
How fast is the punch in Impact Extrusion?
How fast is the punch in Impact Extrusion?
The speed of the punch in the impact extrusion process, typically ranging from 100 to 350 millimeters per second.
What is Hydrostatic Extrusion?
What is Hydrostatic Extrusion?
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How does hydrostatic extrusion affect material ductility?
How does hydrostatic extrusion affect material ductility?
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What are the benefits of hydrostatic extrusion?
What are the benefits of hydrostatic extrusion?
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What is a potential drawback of hydrostatic extrusion?
What is a potential drawback of hydrostatic extrusion?
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What is the low-pressure acetylene welding system?
What is the low-pressure acetylene welding system?
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Why is a back pressure valve needed in the low-pressure system?
Why is a back pressure valve needed in the low-pressure system?
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What is the pressure of acetylene at the torch in a low-pressure system?
What is the pressure of acetylene at the torch in a low-pressure system?
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What is the maximum recommended pressure for acetylene from a cylinder?
What is the maximum recommended pressure for acetylene from a cylinder?
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What is the pressure range of acetylene at the torch in the high-pressure system?
What is the pressure range of acetylene at the torch in the high-pressure system?
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Continuous Extrusion
Continuous Extrusion
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Helical Extrusion
Helical Extrusion
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Explosive Extrusion
Explosive Extrusion
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Annealing in Continuous Extrusion
Annealing in Continuous Extrusion
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Force Reduction in Helical Extrusion
Force Reduction in Helical Extrusion
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Pressure Shock Wave in Explosive Extrusion
Pressure Shock Wave in Explosive Extrusion
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Die's Role in Continuous Extrusion
Die's Role in Continuous Extrusion
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Swarf Utilization in Helical Extrusion
Swarf Utilization in Helical Extrusion
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Pressure-transmitting Medium in Explosive Extrusion
Pressure-transmitting Medium in Explosive Extrusion
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Gas welding
Gas welding
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Arc welding
Arc welding
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Butt joint
Butt joint
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Lap joint
Lap joint
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T-joint
T-joint
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Corner joint
Corner joint
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Edge joint
Edge joint
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Bead weld
Bead weld
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Fillet weld
Fillet weld
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Groove weld
Groove weld
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What is hot drawing?
What is hot drawing?
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What is the Assel Elongator?
What is the Assel Elongator?
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What are Three-Roll Piercing Machines?
What are Three-Roll Piercing Machines?
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What is Pilgering?
What is Pilgering?
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What is 'Idle Pass' in Pilgering?
What is 'Idle Pass' in Pilgering?
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How does the Pilgering pass change?
How does the Pilgering pass change?
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What is a mandrel in Pilgering?
What is a mandrel in Pilgering?
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What is 'feed' in Pilgering?
What is 'feed' in Pilgering?
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How are hollow shells hot reduced?
How are hollow shells hot reduced?
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How does a Plug Rolling Mill work?
How does a Plug Rolling Mill work?
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What is arc welding?
What is arc welding?
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What is hot drawing and cupping?
What is hot drawing and cupping?
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What is gas welding?
What is gas welding?
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What is a butt joint?
What is a butt joint?
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What is a lap joint?
What is a lap joint?
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What is a T-joint?
What is a T-joint?
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What is a bead weld?
What is a bead weld?
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Welding
Welding
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Material Savings in Welding
Material Savings in Welding
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Design Flexibility with Welding
Design Flexibility with Welding
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Welding for Repair
Welding for Repair
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Lightweight Fabrication with Welding
Lightweight Fabrication with Welding
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Weld Joint Strength
Weld Joint Strength
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Thread Direction in Gas Cylinders
Thread Direction in Gas Cylinders
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Pressure Regulator
Pressure Regulator
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Blowpipe
Blowpipe
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Nozzle
Nozzle
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Mixing Chamber
Mixing Chamber
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Pressure Welding
Pressure Welding
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Fusion Welding
Fusion Welding
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Autogeneous Welding
Autogeneous Welding
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Homogeneous Welding
Homogeneous Welding
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Hetrogeneous Welding
Hetrogeneous Welding
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Study Notes
General Welding Information
- Welding is a localized coalescence of metals.
- Heat is used to fuse the metals, possibly with filler metal.
- The weldment is as strong as the parent metal.
Extrusion
- Extrusion ratio is the ratio of billet to product cross-sectional area.
- Hot extrusion ratio can be up to 400:1 (aluminum)
- Hydraulic or mechanical presses are used for extrusion
- High pressure (400 atm) is common
- Lubricants reduce friction
- Extrusion speed varies from 0.5 m/s for light alloys to 4.5 m/s for copper alloys.
Cold Extrusion
- Cold extrusion is similar to hot extrusion, but no heating is needed.
- High metal ductility is helpful
- Used to improve physical properties, size a part.
- The Hooker method, impact extrusion, and hydrostatic extrusion are common methods.
- Hooker method uses a punch with a shoulder acting as a mandrel and pushes the metal through.
- Impact extrusion is fast, uses a powerful punch blow and is used for thin-walled tubes
- Hydrostatic extrusion uses high pressure liquid to force metal through die.
Advantages of Extrusion
- Wide variety of extruded objects possible
- Easily interchangeable dies
- High dimensional accuracy
- Improved ductility, especially for metals that do not deform easily
- High reduction ratios are possible
- Quicker automation, single passing
- Creating smaller parts in large quantity
- Stronger and lighter than other production methods like castings
Disadvantages of Extrusion
- Higher waste percentage than other forms of shaping
- More inhomogeneous structure than other methods due to different flows
- Short tooling life due to high stresses from operation
- High tooling costs
- Low productivity compared to methods like rolling
- Only constant cross-sectioned products are possible
Other Extrusion Processes
- Side Extrusion (Lateral Extrusion) involves material flow perpendicular to ram motion
- Continuous Extrusion - continuous feedstock and pressure applied to the back to create a continuous product
- Conform process - continuous feedstock in a rod form.
Pipe and Tube Manufacturing
- Pipes and tubes can be seamless or with seams.
- Seamless tubes are made by extrusion and piercing
- Continuous seam welding is used for pipes.
- Piercing Method creates thick-walled shells in a rolling mill
- Rolling of the shell into the desired pipe shape
Welding Process
- General Definition: Localized coalescence of metals using heat, possibly filler material, and pressure
- Welding Applications: Wide variety of applications across industries (structural steel, pressure vessels, pipelines, and automobiles) for fabrication and repair of metal components, including machinery frames, parts, and fixing panels.
- Welding Advantages: Economical, reliable, high adaptability to shapes and sizes, repair of defective metals.
- Welding Disadvantages: Less readily machinable compared to castings, and issues of weld defects like cracks, inclusions, porosity.
Classification of Welding Processes
- Pressure Processes (e.g., forge welding, thermit welding, pressure gas welding, electric resistance welding)
- Fusion Processes (e.g., gas welding, electric arc welding, thermit fusion welding)
- Autogenous welding does not use filler material.
- Homogeneous welding means filler metal is the same as the parent metal.
- Heterogeneous welding means filler metal is different. Brazing and Soldering are examples, however not strictly welding processes as per some definition
Other Welding Processes
- Gas Welding: Uses a gas flame to melt the metal and filler material if used for joining
- Electric Arc Welding: Uses an electric arc to melt the metal and filler metal for joining
- Thermit Welding: Uses a chemical reaction to melt metal and filler material together, high temperature and possible for thick pieces
- Continuous Furnace Butt-Welding; process uses to manufacture water and gas pipes.
- Electric Resistance Welding: Uses heat from resistance to electrical current in order to create a weld (spot welding is a type of resistance welding)
- Induction Welding: Heat developed by resistance to the induced electric current is used. Suitable for low conductivity materials
- Friction Welding: Heat is generated from rubbing metallic parts together, and these parts are then pressed together under force to create a weld.
- Ultrasonic Welding: Ultra sonic vibrations cause welding to occur based on the use of high frequency vibrations to produce heat without the use of filler metal
- Explosive Welding: Explosives are used to cause heat and pressure in order to weld materials together
- Flow Welding: Adds molten filler metal to the joint
- Cold Welding: Uses pressure without heat
- Plasma Arc Welding: Used for welding materials that have high refractory properties, or for high-precision work,
- Stud Welding: Arc welding is used to create welds in studs (fasteners)
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Description
Test your knowledge on gas welding systems and hydrostatic extrusion processes. This quiz covers recommended pressure ranges for acetylene and oxygen, functions of equipment, and characteristics of materials in extrusion. Understand the advantages and drawbacks of various extrusion methods.