12 Questions
What happens to the volume of a gas when its Kelvin temperature is doubled, while the pressure is kept constant?
The volume of the gas doubles.
What is the temperature of a sample of matter that represents the highest average kinetic energy of its particles?
Any temperature above 0 K
What is the definition of temperature in terms of the energy of particles in a sample of matter?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.
What is the temperature that represents absolute zero?
0 K
What is the characteristic of the molecules of an ideal gas, according to the kinetic molecular theory?
They move in random, constant, straight-line motion.
What is the standard pressure equal to?
1 atm
Which gas will diffuse most rapidly under the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
Helium
What is a characteristic of the gas phase?
Neither definite shape nor definite volume
As the pressure on a sample of a gas increases at constant temperature, what happens to the volume of the gas?
Decreases
What happens to the internal pressure of a sample of helium gas as its temperature increases from 10°C to 30°C in a sealed container of fixed volume?
Increases
If the Kelvin temperature of a gas sample is doubled while the pressure is halved, what happens to the volume of the gas?
Doubles
What is the total pressure of a mixture of gases with partial pressures of 25 kPa, 25 kPa, and 25 kPa?
75 kPa
Study Notes
Gas Properties and Behavior
- A sample of gas in a rigid cylinder with a movable piston has a constant pressure, and if the Kelvin temperature doubles, the volume of the gas also doubles.
- A gas takes the shape and volume of its container and has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Gas Temperature and Energy
- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter.
- A sample of gas confined in a sealed container has a definite temperature, such as 298 K or 267 K.
Ideal Gas Properties
- According to the kinetic molecular theory, the molecules of an ideal gas have no attraction for each other, have significant volume, and move in random, constant, straight-line motion.
- Standard pressure is equal to 1 atm or 101 kPa.
Gas Diffusion and Volume
- Given the same conditions of temperature and pressure, hydrogen (H2) will diffuse most rapidly among the noble gases.
- A sample of H2(g) and a sample of N2(g) at STP contain the same number of molecules, meaning they have the same volume but different masses.
Pressure and Volume Relationships
- As the pressure on a sample of gas increases at constant temperature, the volume of the gas decreases.
- As the temperature of a sample of gas increases at constant pressure, the volume of the gas sample increases.
- If the Kelvin temperature of a gas sample doubles while the pressure is halved, the volume of the gas will increase by four times.
Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressure
- The pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
- The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction in the mixture.
Graphical Representations
- The graph that best represents how the volume of a given mass of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it at constant temperature is a hyperbola.
- The graph that best represents how the volume of a given mass of a gas varies with the Kelvin temperature at constant pressure is a straight line with a positive slope.
Test your understanding of gas properties and behavior in this quiz. Questions cover topics such as the effects of temperature changes on volume, and the characteristics of gases in confined spaces.
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