Gas Laws Quiz - Semester 1 Practice

When the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, the volume of the gas also increases due to the increased kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant temperature. This means that if the pressure increases, the volume decreases, and vice versa.

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure, meaning that if the temperature increases, the volume increases, and vice versa.

A mathematical relationship that combines Boyle's Law and Charles's Law, relating pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

This law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (atomic number) but differ in the number of neutrons. This difference in neutrons leads to variations in their atomic mass.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Ions are formed when an atom loses or gains electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.

To form an ion from a neutral atom, the number of electrons is changed. This change in the number of electrons creates a net positive or negative charge on the atom, resulting in an ion.

The chemical name for a compound indicates its constituent elements and their proportions.

An element with one valence electron forms a cation (positive ion) by losing that valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. This loss of an electron results in a positive charge.

The correct way to represent a solution of copper nitrate is Cu(NO₃)₂(aq). The (aq) indicates that the compound is dissolved in water, meaning it exists as ions in solution.

The prefixes used in naming compounds indicate the number of each type of atom.

Iron (II) sulfate has the chemical formula FeSO₄. The Roman numeral (II) indicates the iron ion has a +2 charge, while the sulfate ion has a -2 charge, resulting in a neutral compound.

Ionic bonds occur when a positively charged ion (cation) is attracted to a negatively charged ion (anion), forming a stable compound.

A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms and molecules, resulting in the formation of new substances.

A chemical reaction is a process that involves the rearrangement of atoms and molecules, resulting in the formation of new substances.

A physical change is a change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

A chemical reaction where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, demonstrating that matter is neither created nor destroyed.

The substances produced in a chemical reaction.

A chemical equation is balanced when the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side equals the number of atoms of that element on the product side.

Coefficients are numbers placed in front of chemical formulas in a balanced chemical equation to ensure the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.

A chemical reaction where heat is released, usually indicated by a + sign in the equation.

A chemical reaction where heat is absorbed from the surroundings, usually indicated by a - sign in the equation.

The mass of one mole of a substance, calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula.

The process of determining the amount of a substance (in moles) present in a given mass.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same chemical properties but different atomic masses.

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms.

The process of rearranging atoms and molecules to form new substances.

A table that organizes elements by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product that can be formed.

The reactant that is not completely consumed in a chemical reaction, meaning some amount of it remains after the reaction is complete.

A chemical reaction where the products formed are different from the initial reactants, indicating a change in chemical composition.

The amount of a substance measured in moles, representing a specific number of particles (6.022 x 10²³).

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage, indicating the efficiency of a reaction.

The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas, where at a constant temperature, pressure increases as volume decreases and vice versa.

The relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas, where at constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases and vice versa.

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.

The pressure inside a container is caused by the collisions of gas molecules with the container walls. As the number of collisions increases, the pressure increases.

The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas, combining Boyle's and Charles's laws.