Gas Laws Quiz for Chemistry Class
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Questions and Answers

Which gas law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature?

  • Charles’ Law
  • Boyle’s Law (correct)
  • Avogadro’s Law
  • Amonton's Law

    • According to Amonton's Law, as temperature increases, pressure decreases.

    False

    What law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin at constant pressure?

    Charles’ Law

    According to Avogadro's Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of ______ at constant pressure and temperature.

    <p>moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the gas laws with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Charles’ Law = Volume proportional to temperature at constant pressure Boyle’s Law = Volume inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature Avogadro’s Law = Volume proportional to amount of gas at constant pressure and temperature Amonton's Law = Pressure proportional to temperature at constant volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas law describes the relationship between pressure and temperature at constant volume?

    <p>Amonton's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ideal gas constant R is equal to 0.08206 atm·L/mol·K.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal gas law equation?

    <p>PV = nRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Boyle's Law, the relationship between pressure and volume is _____ at constant temperature.

    <p>inverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the volume of a confined gas is quadrupled while its temperature remains constant, what happens to the pressure?

    <p>Decreases to a quarter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each gas law with its correct condition:

    <p>Amonton's Law = Constant V and n Charles's Law = Constant P and n Boyle's Law = Constant T and n Avogadro's Law = Constant T and P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combined gas law can be expressed as PV = nRT using the ideal gas constant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the letter 'n' represent in the ideal gas law PV = nRT?

    <p>Number of moles of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A manometer measures the pressure of a gas by comparing it to atmospheric pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final pressure of O2 after compressing from 14.0 L at 0.882 atm to 1.75 L?

    <p>7.06 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mercury levels in a manometer when the gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?

    <p>The mercury level in the arm connected to the bulb will be lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SI unit for gas pressure is __________.

    <p>Pascal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    3.67 g of CO2 in a 2.50 L flask at 65 °C results in a pressure of 0.926 atm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a gas is at an atmospheric pressure of 790 mm Hg and the level of mercury in the arm connected to the gas is 14.5 cm higher, what is the pressure inside the bulb?

    <p>645 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many moles of CO2 are present when 3.67 g is introduced into the flask?

    <p>0.0834 mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one property that all gases depend on.

    <p>Pressure, Volume, Amount, or Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1.7 atm is equivalent to _____ Pa.

    <p>1.7 x 10^5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pressure measurement with its correct equivalency in atm:

    <p>1.7 atm = 1.7 x 10^5 Pa 1292 mmHg = 1.7 atm 187.1 torr = 0.25 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their corresponding values:

    <p>1 atm = 101,325 Pa 1 mmHg = 1 torr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between gas pressure and atmospheric pressure when Pgas > Patm is represented as Pgas = Patm + __________.

    <p>h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the final volume of a balloon that is initially 1.50 L at 23°C when it is heated to 35°C?

    <p>1.56 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sample of gas at 15°C and 1 atm has a volume of 2.58 L, what will its pressure be at 58°C with no change in volume?

    <p>1.15 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pressure of a gas will quadruple if the volume is decreased by three-quarters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure in atm of 0.897 mol of a gas at 27°C occupying a volume of 15.2 L?

    <p>1.45 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The density of a gas will decrease to _____ its original value if its volume quadruples.

    <p>¼</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gases with their respective boiling point or critical condition:

    <p>Thorium fluoride = 1680°C Ideal gas = Varies with conditions Water = 100°C at 1 atm Carbon dioxide = -78.5°C at 1 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of gaseous thorium(IV) fluoride at its boiling point under a pressure of 2.5 atm in a 1.7 L container?

    <p>8.16 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature of a gas is increased, its volume will also increase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Group 7 - The Halogens

    • Group 7 elements are all reactive nonmetals
    • These elements exist in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
    • Halogens form diatomic molecules (except astatine)
    • Reactivity decreases down the group (as you move from Fluorine to Astatine).

    Iodine and Astatine

    • Solids at room temperature

    Bromine

    • Liquid at room temperature

    Fluorine and Chlorine

    • Gases at room temperature.

    Halogen Reactions

    • React with oxygen to form oxidizing agents
    • React with metals to form metal halides
    • Halogens are used as oxidizing and reducing agents.

    Uses of Halogens

    • Fluorine: Toothpaste, refrigerants, chemical warfare
    • Chlorine: Bleach, disinfectants
    • Bromine: Fire retardants, chemicals
    • Iodine: Disinfectants, materials
    • Astatine: Not commonly used.

    Properties of Elements

    • Atomic number and symbol are listed for each halogen.

    Other Data

    • The estimated amount of each halogen in the Earth's crust is not noted.
    • No data on the amounts and quantity of halogens used in different industries.

    Announcements

    • The last day to complete a Real Chem Survey is 11:59 pm. Doing so earns a 5% bonus towards the lowest exam score.
    • Exam 3 is scheduled for Friday at 4:00 pm.
    • Lecture hall assignments will be posted on Wednesday.
    • Students are responsible for bringing the approved calculator for the exam.

    Module 16 - Gas Laws

    • No specific information is provided about gas laws.

    Gas Pressure

    • Pressure is defined as force exerted on a given area.
    • Gas pressure is the force exerted by gas molecules colliding with surfaces of objects.
    • Units for pressure: Pascal (Pa), atm (atmospheric pressure), mmHg, torr.
    • Relationship between atmospheric pressure and other units (1 atm = 101,325 Pa, 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr)
    • Barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.

    Unit Name and Abbreviation

    • Definitions of pressure units and their relationships to other units. (Pascal (Pa), kilopascal (kPa), pounds per square inch (psi), atmosphere (atm), bar, millibar, inches of mercury (in. Hg), torr)

    Manometer

    • Used to measure the pressure of a gas trapped in a container.
    • The difference in liquid levels in a U-tube corresponds to the difference in pressure between the gas and the atmosphere.

    Open-End Manometer

    • Example problem demonstrating how to calculate the gas pressure in a manometer setup, given the atmospheric pressure and the height difference in the mercury column.

    Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, Temperature

    • Different types of gases (elements and compounds: Ar, He, H2, N2, O2, CO2, CO, H2O, NH3)
    • All gases depend on volume, amount, temperature, and pressure.

    Pressure and Temperature (Amonton's/Gay-Lussac's Law)

    • Pressure is directly proportional to temperature (at constant volume and amount)

    Volume and Temperature (Charles' Law)

    • Volume is directly proportional to temperature (at constant pressure and amount)

    Volume and Pressure (Boyle's Law)

    • Volume is inversely proportional to pressure (at constant temperature and amount)

    Volume and Moles (Avogadro's Law)

    • Volume is directly proportional to the number of moles (at constant temperature and pressure).

    The Gas Laws

    • Summary table of the combined gas laws for Amonton/Gay-Lussac's law, Charles' law, Boyle's law, Avogadro's law.
    • The combined gas law equation is shown.

    The Ideal Gas Law

    • PV = nRT
    • Definition of variables:
      • P = pressure in atm
      • V = volume in L
      • n = number of moles
      • R = ideal gas constant (0.08206 atm⋅L/mol⋅K)
      • T = temperature in Kelvin

    Additional Example Problems

    • Several example problems (multi-step calculations) demonstrate how to apply the ideal gas law and the combined gas law to calculate pressure, temperature, volume, and amount (moles) under various circumstances (changes in pressure, temperature, volume, and number of moles)

    Problem 1. If Volume Quadruples, Pressure Changes?

    • Boyle's Law
    • Pressure decreases by 1/4 if volume quadruples.

    Problem 2. Balloon Volume Change with Temp?

    • Charles' Law
    • The final volume will be 1.56 L

    Problem 3. Gas Pressure Change with Temp Change?

    • Amonton's law/Gay Lussac's law
    • Pressure increases.

    Problem 4. Calculate Volume?

    • Ideal Gas Law Calculations

    Problem 5. Calculate Pressure?

    • Ideal Gas Law and combined gas laws are used
    • Pressure will increase.

    Problem 6. Calculate Mass?

    • Ideal Gas Law problem.
    • Mass will be 8.16 g.

    Problem 7. Calculate Final Pressure?

    • Boyle's Law.
    • Pressure is 7.06 atm

    Problem 8. Calculate Pressure from Initial Gas Data?

    • Ideal Gas Law Calculation
    • the pressure is 0.926 atm (rounded).

    Problem 9. Which of the following is correct?

    • Converting different pressure units
    • Shows conversion from one pressure unit to another unit.

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    CHEM 101 Module 16 111124 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various gas laws, including Boyle's Law, Amonton's Law, and Avogadro's Law. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how gas volume, pressure, and temperature interact under constant conditions. Perfect for students studying chemistry!

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