Gas Exchange Lecture 5 Review

<p>Developing complex folding or branching of respiratory surfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Countercurrent gas exchange, where water and blood flow in opposite directions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-50 $m^2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to maintain a diffusion gradient across the entire gill surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a strategy to reduce their requirements for gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the slope in the relationship between lung surface area ('A') and body size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They both increase their surface area for gas exchange. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains a consistent partial pressure gradient, maximizing oxygen extraction from water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The partial pressure of oxygen in air is typically much higher than in water, making diffusion easier. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glottis closes, buccal cavity depresses, fresh air drawn to buccal floor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bird airflow is unidirectional at the gas exchange site, while airflow is tidal in mammals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is significant selective pressure on efficiency due to the high metabolic demands of flight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flow is perpendicular to airflow (crosscurrent), a unique adaptation for gas exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores inhaled air, enabling a continuous single-direction airflow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glottis must close, maintaining the negative pressure to ensure all air is drawn to the buccal floor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The continuous unidirectional flow of air across the parabronchi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parabronchi. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which animals obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide from their bodies.

The difference in partial pressure of a gas between two areas, which drives the movement of gas molecules from a high pressure area to a low pressure area.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A measure of how easily a gas can diffuse through a membrane, such as the respiratory surface.

The surface area available for gas exchange, often referring to the respiratory surface.

The distance that a gas molecule needs to travel to diffuse across a membrane, such as the respiratory surface.

A physiological adaptation where the respiratory surface is highly folded and branched, increasing the surface area available for gas exchange, thus maximizing diffusion.

The flow of water and blood in opposite directions through the gills of fish, maximizing the efficiency of oxygen uptake from the water.

The relationship between an organism's size and its metabolic rate. Generally, larger organisms have lower metabolic rates per unit of body mass.

The study of how the size and shape of an organism influence its physiological processes, including its respiration.

Unidirectional airflow in the parabronchi of avian lungs, where air travels in one direction, perpendicular to the blood flow in the capillaries, maximizing the time for gas exchange.

The opening at the top of the trachea, which is located in the throat, and helps regulate the flow of air into and out of the lungs.

The movement of air into and out of the lungs, involving a series of coordinated steps that include the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity, the movement of the diaphragm, and the opening and closing of the glottis.

The difference in partial pressure between oxygen in the air or water and in the blood, which is the main driving force for oxygen diffusion into the blood.

The process of maximizing the difference in partial pressure between oxygen in the air or water and in the blood, which leads to a greater amount of oxygen uptake.

The area in the lungs of birds where gas exchange occurs, consisting of a network of tiny air tubes called parabronchi, which are surrounded by blood capillaries.

The process of breathing in mammals, where air enters the lungs through the trachea and branches into smaller airways, ultimately reaching the alveoli for gas exchange.

The process of breathing in birds, which involves a unique system of air sacs that ensures unidirectional airflow through the lungs, maximizing efficiency.

The pressure that a gas exerts in a mixture of gases, such as air, which is directly proportional to the concentration of that gas in the mixture.