Gas Exchange and Ventilation

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Which of the following factors can decrease the compliance of lung tissue?

Increased surfactant levels

Nasal flaring

Use of accessory muscles

Emphysema and fibrosis (correct)

Which condition can result in the collapse of alveoli and prevent normal gas exchange?

Edema

Asthma

Sleep apnea

Atelectasis (correct)

Which of the following factors can increase airway resistance?

Decreased secretions

Obstruction (correct)

Increased surfactant levels

High altitude pressure

What is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through the body tissues called?

Perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can decrease the ability of the lungs to distend or expand?

Weak muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmospheric air and blood in the capillaries?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain regulates respiration?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by decreased respirations and retention of CO2?

HYPOventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for PaO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

80-100 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by increased rate and depth of respirations, leading to removal of CO2 faster than it is produced?

HYPERventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

35-45 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by inadequate tissue oxygenation and is a life-threatening condition?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can occur with anemia and carbon monoxide poisoning, leading to decreased oxygen carrying capacity?

Decreased O2 concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can occur with shock and severe dehydration, leading to decreased circulating blood volume?

Hypovolemia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by changes in mental status, dysrhythmias, potential cardiac arrest, and death?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on the respiratory system:

Weak Muscles = Less effective inhalation and exhalation Decreased Surfactant = Difficulty in breathing in premature babies and older adults Emphysema and Fibrosis = Decrease in lung tissue compliance Decreased Diameter of an Airway = Increased airway resistance and limited oxygen delivery to alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their corresponding respiratory sounds:

Asthma = Wheezing Sleep Apnea = High pitched sounds Edema = Crackling Obstruction = Increased secretions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their influence on respiration:

Removal of the lung = Reduction in surface area and diffusion Increased Altitude Pressure = Decreased respiration Atelectasis = Collapse of alveoli and prevention of normal gas exchange Stroke = Possible alteration in respiratory rate due to CNS injury Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nursing interventions with their benefits:

Deep Breathing Exercises = Prevention of alveoli collapse Ambulation = Improved circulation Semi-fowler’s Position = Facilitates easier breathing Incentive Spirometer = Promotes deep breathing and prevents atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on perfusion:

Increased Activity Level = Increased demand for O2 and perfusion Inadequate Blood Supply = Decreased perfusion Proper Cardiovascular Functioning = Adequate perfusion Medulla Oblongata Dysfunction = Possible alteration in respiration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following receptors with their roles in respiration:

Chemoreceptors = Sensing changes in concentration of O2, CO2, and pH Proprioceptors = Increasing ventilation through sensory receptors in muscles Medulla Oblongata = Regulating respiration CNS injury = Possible alteration in respiration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their effects on diffusion:

Change in Surface Area = Reduction in diffusion Thickening of Alveolar-Capillary Membrane = Decreased diffusion Increased Altitude Pressure = Decreased respiration Atelectasis = Prevention of normal gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their symptoms:

HYPOventilation = Changes in mental status, dysrhythmias, potential cardiac arrest, death HYPERventilation = Lightheadedness, loss of consciousness Hypoxia = Restlessness, decreased LOC, increased HR and RR, cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their triggers:

HYPOventilation = Atelectasis, sedation, drug overdose HYPERventilation = Severe anxiety Hypoxia = Decreased O2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia, decreased O2 concentration, increased metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ABG normal values with their measurements:

PaO2 = 80-100 mm Hg PaCO2 = 35-45 mm Hg SpO2 = 95-100%; COPD = 88-92% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects:

HYPOventilation = Body retains CO2 and can lead to respiratory acidosis HYPERventilation = Lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced and can lead to respiratory alkalosis Hypoxia = Inadequate tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causative factors with the conditions they cause:

Decreased O2 carrying capacity = Anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning Hypovolemia = Shock, severe dehydration Decreased O2 concentration = Airway obstructions, decreased environmental oxygen, hypoventilation Increased metabolic rate = Persistent fever Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory conditions with their definitions:

HYPOventilation = Decreased respirations; body retains CO2 HYPERventilation = Increased rate/depth of respirations; lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced Hypoxia = Inadequate tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ABG normal values with their functions:

PaO2 = Ventilation PaCO2 = Ventilation SpO2 = Ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their potential outcomes:

HYPOventilation = Respiratory acidosis HYPERventilation = Respiratory alkalosis Hypoxia = Life threatening condition Signup and view all the answers